ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืœืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื”
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ืขื’ืœืช ืงื ื™ื•ืช

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ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืกืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช โ‚ช300, ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื โ‚ช ₪0.00
ืกื•ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ืจืืฉื™ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ืื”ืงื“ืžืช ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ | ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื-ืœื˜

ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ | ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื-ืœื˜

ืกืจื•ืง ืœืชืจื•ืžื”

ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืชืช ืกื•ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืงื‘ืœื” ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืงื“ ืืœื™ื”ื•ย ืคื ื—ืกย ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ PDF
ื–ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื” 123 ื“ืง'

ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ | ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื-ืœื˜

 

ืžืืžืจย  ื”ืฉื•ืฉื ื”

ย 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื)ย ืจึดื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื” ืคึผึธืชึทื—, ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ื›ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื—ึดื™ื. ืžึธืืŸ ืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื”, ื“ึผึธื ื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ. ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืึดื™ืช ืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึดื™ืช ืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื”, ืžึทื” ืฉึผืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื” ื“ึผึฐืึดื™ื”ึดื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื—ึดื™ืย ืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ืกื•ึผืžึธืง ื•ึฐื—ึดื•ึผึธื•ืจ, ืื•ึผืฃ ื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึตื™. ืžึทื” ืฉึผืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื” ืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ืชึผึฐืœึตื™ืกึทืจ ืขึธืœึดื™ืŸ, ืื•ึผืฃ ื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ืชึผึฐืœึตื™ืกึทืจ ืžึฐื›ึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึตื™ย ื“ึผึฐืกึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืŸ ืœึทื”ึผ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืกึดื˜ึฐืจึธื”ึธื. ืื•ึผืฃ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื“ึผึฐื”ึธื›ึธื ืžึดืฉืึทืขึฐืชึผึธื ื“ึผึฐืึดื“ึฐื›ึผึทืจ ืึทืคึผึดื™ืง ืชึผึฐืœึตื™ืกึทืจ ืชึผึตื™ื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐืกึทื—ึฒืจึธื ืœึดื›ึฐื ึถืกึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืœึฐื ึทื˜ึฐืจึธื ืœึทื”.

 

ืชืจื’ื•ื

ืจ' ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืคืชื— ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึฝื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื—ึดื™ืย (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ ื‘)ย ืฉื•ืืœ,ย ืžื”ื™ ืฉื•ืฉื ื”ย ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘,ย ื–ื• ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืฉื ื”, ืžื” ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืื“ื•ื ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื. ืžื” ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื™"ื’ ืขืœื™ื, ื›ืš ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ืžืกื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื”. ืืฃย ืืœืงื™ืย ืฉื‘ืžืงืจืย ืฉื‘ื›ืืŸ,ย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ึผึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึธืจึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื ื),ย ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™"ื’ ืžืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื‘ ืืช ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉืžืจื”.ย ืฉื”ืŸ: ืึตืช, ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื, ื•ึฐืึตืช, ื”ึธืึธึฝืจึถืฅ. ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ื”ึธึฝื™ึฐืชึธื”, ืชึนื”ื•ึผ, ื•ึธื‘ึนื”ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐื—ืฉืึถืšึฐ, ืขึทืœ, ืคึผึฐื ึตื™, ืชึฐื”ื•ึนื, ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึฐืจึทื—ึถืคึถืช ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึธึฝื™ึดื (ืฉื ื‘).

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื)ย ืจ' ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืคืชื—ย ื•ื›ื•': ืจ' ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืคืชื—, ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย โ€‹ื›ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื. ืฉื•ืืœ ืžื”ื™ ืฉื•ืฉื ื”. ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืฉื ื”. ืžื” ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืื“ื•ื ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื. ืžื” ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื™"ื’ ืขืœื™ื, ื›ืš ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ืžืกื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื”. ืืฃ ืืœืงื™ื, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื ืฉื‘ื›ืืŸ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย โ€‹ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจืย ืืœืงื™ื, ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ, ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™"ื’ ืžืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื‘ ืืช ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉืžืจื”. ืฉื”ืŸ : ืืช, ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืืช, ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ื™ืชื”, ืชื”ื•, ื•ื‘ื”ื•, ื•ื—ืฉืš, ืขืœ, ืคื ื™, ืชื”ื•ื, ื•ืจื•ื—. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืืœืงื™ื ืžืจื—ืคืช ื•ื’ื•'.

 

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืขืฉืจ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ, ื›ืชืจ, ื—ื›ืžื”, ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื—ืกื“, ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืชืคืืจืช, ื ืฆื—, ื”ื•ื“, ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื•ืขื™ืงืจืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื—ืžืฉ, ื›ืชืจ, ื—ื›ืžื”, ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืชืคืืจืช ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืชืคืืจืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืฉืฉ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื’"ืช ื ื”"ื™. ื•ื”ืŸ ื ืขืฉื• ื—ืžืฉ ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ: ื"ื, ื•ืื•"ื, ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ. ื”ื›ืชืจ ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ืืจื™ืš ืื ืคื™ืŸ. ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ืื‘ื ื•ืืžื. ืช"ืช ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ื–ืขื™ืจ ืื ืคื™ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื. (ื‘ื™ืื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื™' ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืื•ืช ื”').

 

ื•ื“ืข, ืฉืกื•ื“ ื–' ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”"ืก ื‘' ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ ื–"ื ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื–' ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื’"ืช ื ื”"ื™ ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื›ื "ืœ. ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืœื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžืชื‘ืืจ, ืื™ืš ืื‘ื ื•ืืžื, ืฉื”ื ื—ื•"ื‘, ื”ืืฆื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืชื ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช.

 

ื•ืจ' ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืคืชื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื, ืœื‘ืืจ ืกื“ืจ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืชื” ืžืืžื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืคืชื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืฉื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื. ื•ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื ื‘ืขืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื” ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืฉื ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ,ย ืžึธืืŸ ืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื”, ื“ึผึธื ื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ) ืžื”ื™ ืฉื•ืฉื ื”, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ).

 

ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื‘' ืžืฆื‘ื™ื : ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื”, ืฉืื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืืœื ืกืคื™' ืื—ืช ื›ืชืจ, ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื”, ื•ื˜' ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืจ ืžืืฆื™ืœื•ืช. ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืฉืื– ืžืชืขืœื•ืช ื˜"ืก ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ืขืžื”ืŸ ืœืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื‘ืขืฉืจ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช.

 

ื•ืื– ืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื–"ื ื‘ืขืœื” ืœืงื•ืžื” ืฉื•ื” ืขื ืื•"ื ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื. ื•ืื– ื ืง' ื–"ื, ื‘ืฉื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื™ ืจืืฉ, ื•ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื›ื•ื ืกืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคืขืช ืื•ืชื ืืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื˜"ืก ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืชืจื•ืงื ื• ืžืื•ืจ ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ื›ื—ื•ื—ื™ื. ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ืกืชื, ืื• ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื–ื”ย ืืžืจื•ย ืึดื™ืช ืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึดื™ืช ืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื”ย (ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืฉื ื”).

ื•ื”ื ื” ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืžืง ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ,ื•ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืœื™ื ืง ืžืžื ื”, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืฉื˜"ืก ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’"ื› ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื•ื•ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื“ื›ืชืจ ืฉืœื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืžึทื” ืฉึผืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื” ื“ึผึฐืึดื™ื”ึดื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนื—ึดื™ืย ืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ืกื•ึผืžึธืง ื•ึฐื—ึดื•ึผึธื•ืจ, ืื•ึผืฃ ื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึตื™ (ืžื” ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืื“ื•ื ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื),

 

ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืข"ืค ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืื– ื•ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื” ื›ื "ืœ, ืž"ืž ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืœืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืกืš ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื“ื”ื›ืื”, ืฉืžืกื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืกืš, ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื•, ื•ืžืขืœื” ืขื™"ื– ืข"ืก ื“ืื•ืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื ืงืจื ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืข"ืก ื“ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจ, ื”ื ืงืจื ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจื—ืžื™ื. (ืขื™' ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืื•ืช ื™"ื“) ื•ืข"ื› ื’ื ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืช ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกื•ืžืง ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื.

 

ื•ื–"ืก ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืฉืœืžื”, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ. ื›ื™ ืืœื• ื˜ื”"ืก ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืฉื ืคืœื• ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื›ื "ืœ, ื ืชืชืงื ื• ืฉื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ, ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ืฉื ืฉืืจื” ื‘ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื”"ืก ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ื›ืœืœื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ ื ืง' ืชืœื™ืกืจย ืขืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฉื•ืฉื ื”. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืขื”"ืก ืฉืœื” ืœืกื•ื“ ื™"ื’ ืžืชื‘ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœื.

 

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžื”ืืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื”ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื“ ื™"ื’ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื ืง' ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืื•ึผืฃ ื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ืชึผึฐืœึตื™ืกึทืจ ืžึฐื›ึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึตื™ย (ื›ืš ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื).ย ย ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืจ' ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื“ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ื ืœืœืžื“ื ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื•ื™ืชื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ื•ื–"ืฉ, ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ ื—ื•ื•ืจ ื•ืกื•ืžืง ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™"ื’ ืขืœื™ืŸ ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื” ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘' ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ื”ื•ืœืš, ืื•ืฃ ืืœื”ื™ื ื“ื”ื›ื ื•ื›ื•'.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืื•ึผืฃ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื“ึผึฐื”ึธื›ึธื ืžึดืฉืึทืขึฐืชึผึธื ื“ึผึฐืึดื“ึฐื›ึผึทืจ ืึทืคึผึดื™ืง ืชึผึฐืœึตื™ืกึทืจ ืชึผึตื™ื‘ึดื™ืŸย (ืืฃ ืืœืงื™ื, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื ืฉื‘ื›ืืŸ , ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ, ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™"ื’ ืžืœื™ื)ย : ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉืืœื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื ื“ื”ื›ืย ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื, ืฉื”"ืก ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืืฆืœืช ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื, ืืคื™ืง ื™"ื’ ืžืœื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ: ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅย โ€‹ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื• ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชื”ื•ื ื•ืจื•ื—, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืชื ื™ื ื, ืฉืืœื• ื™"ื’ ืชื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ื™"ื’ ืขืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ, ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ ื™"ื’ ืžื›ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืจื—ืžื™. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืœึฐืกึทื—ึฒืจึธื ืœึดื›ึฐื ึถืกึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืœึฐื ึทื˜ึฐืจึธื ืœึทื”ย (ืœืกื‘ื‘ ืืช ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉืžืจื”), ื›ื™ ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœืžื™ื ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื™ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ื ืฉืžืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืžืžื’ืข ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืžื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื™ื ื™ืงื” ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื‘)ย ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึธืชึทืจ ืึดื“ึฐื›ึผึทืจ ื–ึดืžึฐื ึธื ืึธื—ึณืจึธื, ืึทืžึผึทืื™ ืึดื“ึฐื›ึผึทืจ ื–ึดืžึฐื ึธื ืึธื—ึณืจึธื, ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐืึทืคึฐืงึธื ื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืขึธืœึดื™ืŸ ืชึผึทืงึผึดื™ืคึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืกึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืŸ ืœึทืฉึผืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื”. ื•ึฐืึดื™ื ึผื•ึผืŸ ื—ึธืžึตืฉื, ืึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐืึดื™ื ึผื•ึผืŸ ื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืชึผึทืจึฐืขึดื™ืŸ. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืจึธื–ึธื ื“ึธื ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘, ื›ึผื•ึนืก ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขื•ึนืช ืึถืฉึผื‚ึธื, ื“ึผึธื ื›ึผื•ึนืก ืฉืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื”. ื›ึผื•ึนืก ืฉืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืึดืฆึฐื˜ึฐืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐืžึถื”ึฑื•ึตื™ ืขึทืœ ื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืึถืฆึฐื‘ึผึฐืขึธืŸ ื•ึฐืœึธื ื™ึทืชึผึดื™ืจ, ื›ึผึฐื’ึทื•ึฐื•ื ึธื ื“ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื” ื“ึผึฐื™ึธืชึฐื‘ึธื ืขึทืœ ื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืขึธืœึดื™ืŸ ืชึผึทืงึผึดื™ืคึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผื•ึผื’ึฐืžึธื ื“ึฐื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืึถืฆึฐื‘ึผึฐืขึธืŸ. ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื”, ื“ึธื ืึดื™ื”ึดื™ ื›ึผื•ึนืก ืฉืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื”, ืžึตืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืชึผึดื ึฐื™ึธื ึธื ืขึทื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืชึผึฐืœึดื™ืชึธืึธื” ื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืชึผึตื™ื‘ึดื™ืŸ. ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึธืœึฐืึธื”, ืื•ึนืจ ื“ึผึฐืึดืชึฐื‘ึผึฐืจึตื™ ื•ึฐืึดืชึฐื’ึผึฐื ึดื™ื–, ื•ึฐืึดืชึฐื›ึผึฐืœึดื™ืœ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช, ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึฐืขึธืืœ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืื•ึนืฉืึทื ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึทืคึผึตื™ืง ื‘ึผึทื”ึผ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึธื. ื•ึฐื“ึธื ืึดืงึฐืจึตื™ ืขึตืฅ ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื–ึทืจึฐืขื•ึน ื‘ื•ึน. ื•ึฐื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื–ึถืจึทืข, ืงึทื™ึผึธื™ืžึธื ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ืžึทืžึผึธืฉื.

 

ืชืจื’ื•ื

ื•ืื—"ื› ื ื–ื›ืจย ืฉื ืืœืงื™ืย ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช,ย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึฐืจึทื—ึถืคึถืช ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึธึฝื™ึดื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘),ย ื•ืœืžื” ื ื–ื›ืจ ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช,ย ื”ื•ืย ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืžืกื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืฉื ื”. ื•ืืœื• ื—ืžืฉืชย ื”ืขืœื™ืย ื ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืฉืขืจื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ึผื•ึนืก ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขื•ึนืช ืึถืฉื‚ึผึธืย (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื– ื™ื’),ย ื–ื•ย ื”ื™ืย ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช, ื•ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”.

 

ืžื”ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ย ืฉืย ืืœืงื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืžืœื™ืย ืฉื”ืŸ, ืžึฐืจึทื—ึถืคึถืช, ืขึทืœ, ืคึผึฐื ึตื™, ื”ึทืžึผึธึฝื™ึดื. ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ (ืฉื ื’).ย ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืœืื”,ย ืฉื ืืžืจ, ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืื•ึนืจ ื•ึทึฝื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืึฝื•ึนืจ (ืฉื ื’),ย ื”ื•ืื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื•ื ื’ื ื– ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื” ื–ืจืข, ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื•ึฐืขึตืฅ ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื–ึทืจึฐืขื•ึน ื‘ื•ึนย (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื ื™ื‘).ื•ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืžืฉ.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื‘)ย ื•ืœื‘ืชืจ ืื“ื›ืจย ื•ื›ื•' : ื•ืื—"ื› ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย โ€‹ืืœืงื™ืย ืžืจื—ืคืช ื•ื’ื•'. ื•ืœืžื” ื ื–ื›ืจ ืคืขื ืื—ืจืช. ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืžืกื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืฉื ื”. ื•ืืœื• ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ื—ืžืฉื” ืฉืขืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ย โ€‹ื›ื•ืก ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืืฉื, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉื” ืขืœื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช.

 

ื•ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืžื”ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืžืœื™ื. ืฉื”ืŸ : ืžืจื—ืคืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ. ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”' ืขืœื™ื ื”ื "ืœ. ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืœืื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ, ืืœืงื™ื ื™ื”ื™ ืื•ืจ ื•ื’ื•', ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื•ื ื’ื ื– ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื” ื–ืจืข, ื•ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืขืฅ ืขื•ืฉื” ืคืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื–ืจืขื• ื‘ื•. ื•ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืžืฉ.

 

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,ย ื—ืžืฉ ืขืœื™ืŸ ืชืงื™ืคื™ืŸ: ื”"ืก ื”"ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”ืŸ ืข"ืก ื“ืื•"ื—, ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื“ื”ื›ืื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ืง' ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืŸ, (ื›ื "ืœ ื“"ื” ืกื•ืžืง) ื›ื™ ืขื”"ืก ื“ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจ ื ืง' ื”' ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื—ื’"ืช ื "ื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”' ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื’"ืช ื "ื” ื“ืื•"ื—, ื•ืืœื• ื—ืžืฉ ืขืœื™ืŸ ืชืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ, ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืกืš, ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืžืžืกืš ื•ืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ืข"ื› ื ืง' ืขืชื” ืจืง ื”' ืขืœื™ืŸ ืชืงื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื–ื•ื•ื’ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืžืกืš ื‘ื ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืขื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื ืง' ื”' ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช. ื›ื "ืœ.

 

ื•ืืœื• ื”' ืขืœื™ืŸ ืชืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ื”"ืก ื”' ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืืœืงื™ื ืชื ื™ื ื ืขื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืชืœื™ืชืื”, ืฉื”ืŸ : ืžืจื—ืคืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืืžืื™ ืื“ื›ืจ ื–ืžื ื ืื—ืจื, ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”' ืขืœื™ืŸ ืชืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ืืœื•, ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื–ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช.

 

ื•ืžื” ืฉืืœื• ืข"ืก ื“ืื•"ื— ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื”"ื’ ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื’"ืช ื "ื” ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื›ื—"ื‘ ืชื•"ืž, ื›ื "ืœ. ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืืœื ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืจื“ื• ื›ื—"ื‘ ืžืžืขืœืชื ื•ื ืงืจืื™ื ื—ื’"ืช, ื•ืช"ืช ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ื ื•"ื”. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื—ืžืฉ ืชืจืขื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื•ืก ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช: ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืฉื”' ืขืœื™ืŸ ืชืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื• ืœื”' ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช, ืื– ื”ื ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืœื—ืžืฉ ืชืจืขื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ืฉืขืจื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”' ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื“ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจ.

 

ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื”. ื•ืื– ื ืง' ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ืย ื›ื•ืก ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืชย ืื•ย ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœืชืŸ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื›ืœื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”"ื— ื”ื "ืœ.

 

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืกืคื™' ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘' ื‘ื—ื™' ืื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฉืจ, ืฉืขื™ืงืจืŸ ื”ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื™' ื›ื "ืœ. ืื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื™"ื’, ื›ืžื• ื™"ื’ ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฉืจ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื–ื•"ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื“. ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื™"ื’ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื”ืืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืœื–ื•"ืŸ. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืืจย ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœื.

 

ื•ืื•ืžืจ,ย ืฉื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”ย ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื”' ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”' ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ื›ื "ืœ.ย ืืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฉืจ, ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื’"ืช ื "ื” ื›ื "ืœย ื•ืœื ื™ืชื™ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ืžืžืกืคืจ ื™"ื’. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืง' ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืกื•ื“ ื”ื™"ื’, ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ื.

 

ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ืžืงื•ื“ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉื”ื ื”' ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”' ืืฆื‘ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืงื, ืฉื”ืŸ ื”' ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžื™"ื’.
ื•ืžืฉืžืข, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”' ืืฆื‘ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ืฉื”ืŸ ื”"ื’, ื›ื™ ื”' ืืฆื‘ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”"ืก ื”"ื—. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื‘' ื™ื“ื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื ืขื ื”' ืืฆื‘ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืžื– ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื "ืœ ื“ื”"ื’. ืืžื ื ืื—"ื– ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืก ืขืœ ื”' ืืฆื‘ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืก"ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืงืช ืžืฉืžืืœ.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืœืื” ืื•ืจ: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืœื”ื™ื ืชืœื™ืชืื” ืื“ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื™ื”ื™ ืื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•' ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื”ืืฆื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”"ืก ื”"ื— ื•ื™"ื’ ืžื›ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืจื—ืžื™, ืืฉืจ ื”' ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”"ืก ื”' ืคืขืžื™ื ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืืžืจ, ืฉื”ืŸ: ื™ื”ื™ ืื•ืจ, ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื•ืจ, ื”ืื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ, ืœืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื. ื•ื”ื™"ื’ ืžื›ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืจื—ืžื™ ืžืจื•ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืขืจื‘ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“. ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”"ืก ื™"ื’ ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™' ื™"ื’. (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื™"ื– ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›"ื•).

 

ื•ื”' ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”"ืก ืžืฉื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื' ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื• ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื’ื” ื•ืจืื” ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื, ืขืžื“ ื•ื’ื ื–ื• ืžื”ื, (โ€‹ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื™"ื‘) ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื“ืืชื‘ืจื™ ื•ืืชื’ื ื™ื–.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืืชื›ืœื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉื ื”: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”' ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ื›ืœืœื• ืžืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืื• ื™ืฉืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื”, ื”ื ืง' ืืœื”ื™ื, ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื. ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื ื“ืขืืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื ืืœื™ื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš.
ื•ื”ื ื” ืืœื• ื”"ื— ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืœ ื”"ื’, ื›ื "ืœ, ื”ื ื ืง' ื–ืจืข, ื’ื ืชื“ืข, ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืกืš, ืฉื‘ื›ื—ื ืžื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ื•, ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ืจืง ื‘ืขื˜ืจืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืชื ืžืžื–ืœ ื•ื ืงื” ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืงื ื, ื•ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืžื ื• ืจืง ื”ืืจื” ื•ืขื ืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

 

ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ื”ืžืขืœื” ื”"ื’ ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”"ื— ืฉื”ื ื”' ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ, ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื ืœื ื•ืง'. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืžื“ื™ื™ืง ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื•,ย ื“ื”ื”ื•ื ื–ืจืขื, ืฉื”ื ื”"ื— ื•ื”"ื’,ย ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืžืฉ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื˜ืจืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื ืžืฆืืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื”' ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ื ืง' ื–ืจืข, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื ื•ืง' ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื•ืข"ื› ื ืง' ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ืช.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

 

ื’)ย ื•ึผื›ึฐืžึธื” ื“ึฐื“ึดื™ึผื•ึผืงึผึฐื ึธื ื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืช ืึดื–ึฐื“ึผึฐืจึทืขย ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืจึตื™ืŸ ื–ึดื•ึผื•ึผื’ึดื™ืŸย ื“ึผึฐื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื–ึทืจึฐืขึธื, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืึดื–ึฐื“ึผึฐืจึทืข ืฉืึฐืžึธื ื’ึฐืœึดื™ืคึธื ืžึฐืคึธืจึทืฉื, ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืจึตื™ืŸ ืึทืชึฐื•ึธื•ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืขื•ึนื‘ึธื“ึธื ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช.

 

 

ืชืจื’ื•ื

ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื ื–ืจืขื” ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื–ื•ื•ื’ื™ืย ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืจืข, ื›ืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื—ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื’)ย ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ืชย ื•ื›ื•' : ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื ื–ืจืขื” ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื–ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืจืข, ื›ืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื—ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช.
ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืกื•ื“ ืฉื ืž"ื‘ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื™"ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื™"ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื™"ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ืžื™ืœื•ื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืž"ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื•ืขื ื™ื ืŸ ื™ืชื‘ืืจย ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœื.

 

ื•ื”ื”ื•ื ื–ืจืขื ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ืŸ ื”"ื— ื•ื”"ื’, ื›ื "ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฉืš ืžื”ืฉื ืž"ื‘. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ื•ึผื›ึฐืžึธื” ื“ึฐื“ึดื™ึผื•ึผืงึผึฐื ึธื ื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชย (ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช)ย ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื,ืึดื–ึฐื“ึผึฐืจึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืจึตื™ืŸ ื–ึดื•ึผื•ึผื’ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื–ึทืจึฐืขึธื, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืึดื–ึฐื“ึผึฐืจึทืข ืฉืึฐืžึธื ื’ึฐืœึดื™ืคึธื ืžึฐืคึธืจึทืฉื, ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืจึตื™ืŸ ืึทืชึฐื•ึธื•ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืขื•ึนื‘ึธื“ึธื ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืชย (ื ื–ืจืขื” ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื–ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืจืข, ื›ืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื—ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื ื–ืจืข ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช)

 

ืคื™' ื›ื™ ื‘' ื‘ื—ื™' ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื: ื' ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฆื•ืคื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื”ื‘' ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื•ืชื” ืขื ื”ื–"ื, ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืจื–ื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื“ื. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,ย ื•ึผื›ึฐืžึธื” ื“ึฐื“ึดื™ึผื•ึผืงึผึฐื ึธื ื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชย (ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช)ย ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื,ย ืึดื–ึฐื“ึผึฐืจึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืจึตื™ืŸ ื–ึดื•ึผื•ึผื’ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื–ึทืจึฐืขึธืย (ื ื–ืจืขื” ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื–ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืจืข), ื“ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ื‘ื—ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื–ื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื“ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’, ื”ื ื” ื›ืš ืชืงื™ืฉ ืœืกื“ืจ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืง' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื’"ื› ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉื ืž"ื‘. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘' ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื•ืช.

 

ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ื’ืœื™ืคื, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืœ ืœืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื›ื ื” ื•ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื”ื ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื' ื‘ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ) ื•ืข"ื› ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ื’ืœื™ืคื, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ืžืคืจืฉ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืชื•ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืจืฉ ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืึดื–ึฐื“ึผึฐืจึทืข ืฉืึฐืžึธื ื’ึฐืœึดื™ืคึธื ืžึฐืคึธืจึทืฉืย (ื›ืš ื”ืฉื ื”ื—ืงื•ืง ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื ื–ืจืข)ย ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื ืง' ืฉื, ื’ืœื™ืคื ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”,ย ืžืคืจืฉย ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื•ื’ื ื”ื ืื–ื“ืจืขื• ื•ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื”ืž"ื‘ ื–ื•ื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจื–ื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื“ื ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืจึตื™ืŸ ืึทืชึฐื•ึธื•ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืขื•ึนื‘ึธื“ึธื ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืชย (ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช)ย ืฉื”ืŸ ืž"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืžื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขื“ ื”ื‘' ืฉืœย โ€‹ื•ื‘ื”ื•.

 

ืžืืžืจย  ื”ื ื™ืฆื ื™ื

ย 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื“)ย ื‘ึผึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช. ืจึดื‘ึผึดื™ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึธืชึทื—, ื”ึทื ึผึดืฆึผึธื ึดื™ื ื ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ื”ึทื ึผึดืฆึผึธื ึดื™ื, ื“ึผึธื ืขื•ึนื‘ึธื“ึธื ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช. ื ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ืึตื™ืžึธืชึทื™, ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™, ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ื•ึทืชึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ,ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ืŸ ื ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ืขึตืช ื”ึทื–ึผึธืžึดื™ืจ ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท, ื“ึผึธื ื™ื•ึนื ืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™, ื“ึผึทื”ึฒื•ึธื” ื‘ึตื™ื”ึผ ื–ึฐืžึดื™ืจ ืขึธืจึดื™ืฆึดื™ื. ืžึฐืึนืจึนืช, ื—ึธืกึตืจ. ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจ, ื“ึผึธื ื™ื•ึนื ื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดื™, ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืจึฐืฆื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ื•ื’ื•', ืœึฐืžึถืขึฐื‘ึผึทื“ ืชึผื•ึนืœึธื“ื•ึนืช. ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข, ื“ึผึธื ื™ื•ึนื ืฉืึดืฉึผืึดื™, ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึธื“ึธื, ื“ึผึทื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืขึธืชึดื™ื“ ืœึฐืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึทื ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ึผึธื” ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึธื”, ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ื”ึธื›ึธื ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึธื“ึธื, ื•ึผื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ื”ึธืชึธื ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข. ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึตื ื•ึผ, ื“ึผึธื ื™ื•ึนื ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ื“ึผึฐืึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผื•ึผื’ึฐืžึทืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื.

 

ืชืจื’ื•ื

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืชื—, ื”ึทื ึผึดืฆึผึธื ึดื™ื ื ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅย ืขึตืช ื”ึทื–ึผึธืžึดื™ืจ ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึตึฝื ื•ึผ (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ ื™ื‘).ย ื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ื–ื”ย ื”ื•ืย ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืžืชื™,ย ื”ื•ืย ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ึทืชึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅย (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื ื™ื‘),ย ืื– ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืขืช ื”ื–ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข, ื–ื”ย ื”ื•ืย ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื–ืžื™ืจ ืขืจื™ืฆื™ืย ืฉืข"ื› ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ื™ึฐื”ึดื™ย ืžึฐืึนืจึนืชย (ืฉื ื™ื“)ย ื—ืกืจ ื•'. ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ, ื–ื”ย ื”ื•ืย ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ย ื‘ื•ย ื™ึดืฉืึฐืจึฐืฆื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ืฉืึถืจึถืฅ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ื—ึทื™ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืฃ ื™ึฐืขื•ึนืคึตืฃ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืจึฐืงึดื™ืขึท ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธึฝื™ึดืย (ืฉื ื›),ย ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช. ื ืฉืžืข, ื–ื”ย ื”ื•ืย ื™ื•ื ืฉืฉื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ย ื‘ื•ย ื ึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึธื“ึธืย (ืฉื ื›ื•),ย ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืขืฉื™ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ื ึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธึฝืขย (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื“ ื–).ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•, ื–ื”ย ื”ื•ืย ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,ย ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื“)ย ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸย ื•ื›ื•' : ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ืจ"ืฉ ืคืชื—,ย โ€‹ื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ.ย ื”ื ืฆื ื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช.ย ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืžืชื™. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืชื•ืฆื ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื– ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ.ย โ€‹ืขืช ื”ื–ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข, ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื–ืžื™ืจ ืขืจื™ืฆื™ื. ืฉืข"ื› ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ ืžืืจืช ื—ืกืจ ื•' ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงืœืœื”.ย ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ, ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื•, ื™ืฉืจืฆื• ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื’ื•' ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช.ย ื ืฉืžืข, ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืฉื™, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื•, ื ืขืฉื” ืื“ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืขืฉื™ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืขื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ืื“ื,ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื, ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข.ย ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช. ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื.

 

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,ย ื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ื“ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื ื“ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื ื•' ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื’"ืช ื ื”"ื™ ื“ื–"ื ืฉืžื”ื ื ื‘ื ื™ื ืข"ืก ื“ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื. ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืœื™ืช ืœื” ืžื’ืจืžื” ื•ืœื ืžื™ื“ื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื–"ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”. ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื ื•ืง' ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืžื”ื•"ืง ื“ื–"ื. ื•ืื•ืžืจ,ย ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืื™ืžืชื™, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’',ย ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ืง' ื ืงืจืืช ืืจืฅ, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–"ื, ื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื•ื ืจืื• ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื”ื ืง' ืืจืฅ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’' ื“ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ื ืจืื• ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ืจืื• ืคืขื ื›ืš ื•ืขืชื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ืื™ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”, ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’', ืฉื”ื•ื ืช"ืช. ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืืฆืœื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื‘' ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื” ืœืช"ืช ื“ื–"ื. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ืืฆืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื’' ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืขื ืช"ืช ื“ื–"ื, ื”ื ืง' ื™ื•ื ื’' ื“ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช.

ื•ื–"ืฉย ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅย : ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ย ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืจืื• ืคืขื ื›ืš. ื•ืื—"ื›ย ืขืช ื”ื–ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข.

ื“ื ื™ื•ื ื“' ื“ื”ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ืจ ืขืจื™ืฆื™ื: ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“' ื ืชืžืขื˜ื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืงื˜ืจื’ื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ืืžืจื” ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘' ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืชืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื›ื™ ื•ืžืขื˜ื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš. (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืก:)โ€‹ย ื•ืื– ื™ืจื“ ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืชื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื•ื˜"ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืคืœื• ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื•ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ืœื” ื‘ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื•ืœืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ืฉืœื”, ื•ืขืžื“ื” ืชื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ื•ืžืขืชื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ืข"ื™ ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื–"ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš.

 

ื•ื ืงืจื ื–ื”,ย ื–ืžื™ืจ ืขืจื™ืฆื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืžื›ืจื™ืชื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื. ื•ื–ืžื™ืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”,ย ื•ืขืจื™ืฆื™ืย ื”ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืฉื ื”. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ ื“ื ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™: ื”ืชื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื ืฆื— ื“ื–"ื ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื“ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื”ื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื ืฆื— ื“ื–"ื, ืข"ื› ื ืงืจื ืงื‘ืœืชื” ื–ื•, ื‘ืฉื ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืฉื™: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื•', ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื•"ื” ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืื•ืชื ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื. ื•ื–"ืฉ, ืฉื ืฉืžืข ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืฉื™. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืจืง ืžื”ืงื• ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื“ื–"ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืช"ื™ ืื• ืžื“ืขืช, ืื• ืžืช"ืช, ืื• ืžื™ืกื•ื“.ย ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ืขืฉื” ืื“ื ื“ื”ื•ื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืžืงื“ื ืขืฉื™ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืขื”ย : ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื”"ืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืจืื™ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื”ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”. ืขืฉื™ื” ื”"ืก ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื ื•ื“ืข, ืฉื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื“ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘', ืฉื”"ืช ืขืœืชื” ืœื ืงื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ืขื™ืœืื”, ื”ื ื” ืื‘ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืžื ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืื‘ื ืขืฆืžื• ืืชืชืงืŸ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืจ ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื.

 

ื›ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื”"ืก ืื‘ื, ื•ืข"ื™ ืขืœื™ืช ื”"ืช ืืœื™ื• ื ืชืชืงืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื‘ื”"ืช, ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื ืงื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืืžื ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื™ืฆืื” ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืžื”ืจืืฉ ืืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืฉื–"ืก ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื"ื ืืœื ื›ื•"ื— ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขืชื” ืฉื”ืขืฉื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”"ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœืฉืžื™ืขื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ื–"ืก ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ืย ืชื™ย ' ืก"ื˜,ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื—ื›ืžื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื›ื™ ืื‘ื ื ืชืชืงืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืง' ื”ื ืง' ืื ื™, ื•ื ืขืฉืชื” ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื, ืœืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื›ืชืจ, ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื›ืžื• ืื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื”. ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ืžื—ืžืช ืขืœื™ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืœื ืงื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื ื ืžืชืงื” ืฉื ืžืื“, ื•ื ืขืฉืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืื—"ื› ืœืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื”. ื•ื”"ืก ืกื™ื”ืจื ื‘ืืฉืœืžื•ืชื.

 

ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ืฉืžืข, ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืขืฉื™ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืขื”, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื–ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.(ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—:)โ€‹ื›ื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœืชื” ื•ื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืืช ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื•ื ื’ืœื” ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืฉืขืจ ื”ื ื•ืŸ.
ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื›ืืŸ, ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืฉื™, ื›ื™ ื‘ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืขืฉื™ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืขื”. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืข"ื› ื ืขืฉืชื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”"ืก ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื”. ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืžื•ืง ืžืื“, ื•ืขื™' ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.

 

ื‘ืืจืฆื ื• ื“ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ืื™ื”ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืย : ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ื ืง' ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืฉื™, ืขืœืชื” ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื“ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขื“ ืืžื ืขืœืื”, ื•ื ืขืฉืชื” ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ืื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืžืžืฉ.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื”)ย ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึทื—ึตืจ, ื”ึทื ึผึดืฆึผึธื ึดื™ื, ืึดืœึผึตื™ืŸ ืึดื™ื ึผื•ึผืŸ ืึฒื‘ึธื”ึธืŸ, ื“ึผึฐืขึธืืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ึธื”, ื•ึฐืขึธืืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึธืœึฐืžึธื ื“ึผึฐืึธืชึตื™ ื•ึฐืึดืชึฐื’ึผึฐื ึดื™ื–ื•ึผ ืชึผึทืžึผึธืŸ. ื•ึผืžึดืชึผึทืžึผึธืŸ ื ึธืคึฐืงื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื ึดื™ื–ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึดื˜ึผึธืžึดื™ืจื•ึผ ื’ื•ึน ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึตื™ ืงึฐืฉืื•ึนื˜. ืึดืชึฐื™ึฐืœึดื™ื“ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ, ืœื•ึฐืึดื˜ึผึธืžึดื™ืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึตื™ื”ึผ. ืขึธืืœ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืขึธื ืงึทื“ึผึดื™ืฉืึธื ื•ึผื ึฐืฆึดื™ื‘ ืœื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึทืžึผึธืŸ, ื•ึผื›ึฐื“ึตื™ืŸ ื ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืึดืชึฐื’ึผึฐืœื•ึผ ืชึผึทืžึผึธืŸ. ื•ึฐืึตื™ืžึธืชึทื™ ืึดืชึฐื—ึธื–ื•ึผืŸ, ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทืขึฒืชึธื ื“ึผึฐืึดืชึฐื’ึผึฐืœึตื™ ืงึถืฉืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึธืœึฐืžึธื, ื“ึผึฐื”ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทืขึฒืชึธื ื“ึผึฐืงึถืฉืึถืช ืึดืชึฐื—ึฒื–ึตื™ ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ืŸ ืึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผึฐื™ึธื™ืŸ ืึดื™ื ึผื•ึผืŸ. ื•ึผื‘ึฐื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึทืขึฒืชึธื ืขึตืช ื”ึทื–ึผึธืžึดื™ืจ ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืขึดื“ึผึธืŸ ืœึฐืงึทืฆึผึตืฅ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื™ื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืžึตืขึธืœึฐืžึธื. ืึทืžึผึทืื™ ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผึฐื–ึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ, ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐื”ึทื ึผึดืฆึผึธื ึดื™ื ื ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ื•ึฐืึดืœึฐืžึธืœึตื ื“ึฐื ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ืœึธื ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธืึฒืจื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึธืœึฐืžึธื, ื•ึฐืขึธืœึฐืžึธื ืœึธื ืึดืชึฐืงึทื™ึผึธื™ื.

 

ืชืจื’ื•ื

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ. ื”ึทื ึผึดืฆึผึธื ึดื™ืย (ืœืขื™ืœ),ย ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื ื’ื ื–ื• ืฉื, ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื’ื ื™ื–ื• ื•ื ืกืชืจื• ืชื•ืš ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืืžืช. ื ื•ืœื“ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื ืกืชืจื• ื‘ื•. ื ื›ื ืก ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ืฉื, ื•ืื– ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื ื’ืœื• ืฉื. ื•ืžืชื™ย ื”ืย ื ืจืื™ื, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืงืฉืช ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืงืฉืช ื ืจืื™ืช ืื– ื”ื ืžืชื’ืœื™ื. ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”, ืขึตืช ื”ึทื–ึผึธืžึดื™ืจ ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท,ย ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ืขืช ืœืงืฆืฅย ืืชื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœืžื” ื ืฆื•ืœื•, ืžืฉื•ื ื”ึทื ึผึดืฆึผึธื ึดื™ื ื ึดืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ, ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืจืื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืย ื”ื™ื”ย ืžืชืงื™ื™ื.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื”)ย ื“"ื ื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ืืœื™ืŸย ื•ื›ื•' : ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ.ย ื”ื ืฆื ื™ื, ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื ื’ื ื–ื• ืฉื. ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื’ื ื™ื–ื•, ื•ื ืกืชืจื• ืชื•ืš ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืืžืช. ื ื•ืœื“ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื ืกืชืจื• ื‘ื•. ื ื›ื ืก ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ืฉื, ื•ืื–ย ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅย ื•ื ื’ืœื• ืฉื. ื•ืžืชื™ ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืงืฉืช ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืงืฉืช ื ืจืื™ืช, ืื– ื”ื ืžืชื’ืœื™ื. ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”,ย ืขืช ื”ื–ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข, ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืขืช ืœืงืฆืฅ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœืžื” ื ืฆื•ืœื•. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืจืื™ื ืžื›ื‘ืจ, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื.

 

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื "ืœ, ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–"ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื”. ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื’"ืช ื“ื–"ื, ืฉื ืง' ืื‘ื”ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”"ื™ ื“ื–"ื ื ืง' ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ื‘' ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื”ื ื—ืœืงื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–"ื, ื›ื™ ื—ื’"ืช ื ืง' ื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื ื”"ื™ ื ืง' ื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื•ืข"ื› ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–"ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืข"ื› ืื•ืžืจ,ย ืื‘ื”ืŸ. ื•ื ืง' ื‘ืฉืย ื ืฆื ื™ื, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช, ื”ื•ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื›ื“ืจืš ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช. ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื“ืชื ื›ืžื• ื ื”"ื™, ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ื™ื ื™ืงื” ื ืขืฉื• ื—ื’"ืช, ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื', ื ืขืฉื• ื—ื‘"ื“ ืฉืœ ื ืฉืžื”. ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘', ื ืขืฉื• ื—ื‘"ื“ ื“ื—ื™ื”.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉย ื“ืขืืœื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืขืืœื• ื‘ืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื™: ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื–"ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืื•"ื ื”ื ืง' ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื™, ืื‘ื ื ืง' ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ืืžื ื ืง' ืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื™, ื•ืฉื ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–"ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’' ื’ื• ื’', ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื”ื—ื’"ืช ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ื ื”"ื™. ื•ื–"ืก ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืงืจื ื™ ื—ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•, ืขืงืจืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืฉืชืœืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื•. ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื’"ืช ืžืฉืจืฉืŸ, ื•ืข"ื™ ืขืœื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•"ื‘, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืฉืชืœืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืชืงืช ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืœืขืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืช. ื”ื ื” ืขื™"ื– ื’ื“ืœื• ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜, ืข"ื™ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืื—"ื› ืข"ื™ ื™ื ื™ืงื” ืื—"ื› ืข"ื™ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื' ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืข"ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘', ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ืžืชืžืŸ ื ืคืงื• ื‘ื’ื ื™ื–ื•: ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื—ื’"ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืื•"ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื ืœืžื˜ื”,ย ื•ื ืคืงื™ ื‘ื’ื ื™ื–ื•, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžืื•"ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื ื ืฉืืจื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื ื™ื–ื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ืื˜ืžื™ืจื• ื’ื• ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืงืฉื•ื˜: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ืงื”, ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœ ืกืคื™' ื ื”"ื™ ื“ื–"ื, ื”ื ืง'ย ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืงืฉื•ื˜, ื•ืื– ื ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ืœื”ื ื”ื—ื’"ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื ื”"ื™, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ ื•"ืง, ื•ืขื›"ื– ื”ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืจื•, ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืขืœื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืืฉ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืœื ื ืคืฉ ืจื•ื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ืื˜ืžื™ืจื• ื’ื• ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืงืฉื•ื˜ย ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืงืฉื•ื˜, ื”ื ื ื•"ื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ืงื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื˜ืžื™ืจื• ื‘ื”ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื ืขืœื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื’ืœื”. ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืจืš ื”ืคื•ืš ืžื›ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืขื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื™ื ื™ืงื”, ืื•ืจ ื“ื—ื’"ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ื—, ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืขื ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืงื” ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื ื•"ื”, ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื’"ืช, ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™' ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช, ื ื‘ื—ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ื“ื—ื‘"ื“, ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ื›ืœื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœื”ืœืŸ.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืืชื™ืœื™ื“ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืื˜ืžื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ื”: ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ืงื” ืขื•ืœื” ื–"ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘' ืœืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื', ืฉืข"ื™ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื—ื’"ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ื•ืจืืฉ, ื•ื ื”"ื™ ืฉืงื ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ืงื” ื ืขืฉื• ืœื• ืœื—ื’"ืช, ื•ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืœื• ื ื”"ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ื”"ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื•ืืœื• ื ื”"ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื•"ื” ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืืชื™ืœื™ื“ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช.

 

ื•ืื•ืžืจย ื•ืื˜ืžื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ื”, ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืœื—ื’"ืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื”ืขืœื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื' ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื’ ืจืง ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื ืฉืžื”, ืฉื”ื ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื—ื•ืจื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื–"ื, ื•ืข"ื› ืื•ืžืจย ื•ืื˜ืžื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ื‘ื”ืขืœื.ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืขืืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืืจืขื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืœื•ืŸ: ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื' ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ื–"ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘' ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”, ื•ืื– ื ื ืกืจืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืžื ื• ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ืœืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”, ื•ืื– ื ืงืจืืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ืย ืืจืขื ืงื“ื™ืฉืย ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื” ื ืง' ืงื•ื“ืฉ.

 

ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืื•ืžืจย ืขืืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃย ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–"ืย ื‘ืืจืขื ืงื“ื™ืฉืย ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืคื‘"ืค ืขื ื”ื–"ื ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ืฉื•ื”. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืœื•ืŸ ืชืžืŸ: ื‘ืืจืขื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื“ื™ื™ืงื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”, ืฉื”"ืก ื—ื›ืžื”, ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’, ืฉื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ื ื“ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื›ื™ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื ืžืฉื›ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’, ื•ื–"ืฉ ื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืœื•ืŸ ืชืžืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ื“ื™ื“ื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ืขืจืš ื–"ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื•ืง' ื›ืขืจืš ืื•"ื ืขื™' ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื” ืฉื”"ืก ื—ื›ืžื”, ื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืœื ื‘ื ื•ืง' ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช. ื•ื–"ืฉ ืœื”ืœืŸย ื•ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืืชื’ืœื• ืชืžืŸย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืชื” ื ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืขืชื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ืžื™ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื ืขืœืžื™ื.

 

ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืขื•ื“ย ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ืืชื—ื–ื•ืŸย ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจ ื–ืืช ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืขืืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืืจืขื ืงื“ื™ืฉื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’, ื’ื ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ืฉืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื•ื"ื› ืžืื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืขืย ืื™ืžืชื™ ืืชื—ื–ื•ืŸ. ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘' ื”ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืžืืœื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”' ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื–ื›ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืžืืœื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”' ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื. ื•ืข"ื› ืฉื•ืืœ ืื™ืžืชื™ ืืชื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ืื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืžืืœื, ืื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืžืืœื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื.

ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘.ย ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืืชื’ืœื™ ืงืฉืช ื‘ืขืœืžื: ืงืฉืช, ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื,ย ื‘ืขืœืžื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืžืืœื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืืช ืงืฉืชื™ ื ืชืชื™ ื‘ืขื ืŸ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืืชื’ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืžืืœื.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ืขืช ื”ื–ืžื™ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ืŸ ืœืงืฆืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžื: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžืชืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืžื—ืžืชื ื ืขืฉื• ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืก"ื, ืข"ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ืฉื ืžื—ื” ืžื—ืžืช ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื, ื”ื ื” ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชืงื ื” ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”. ื›ืž"ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืืžืื™ ืืฉืชื–ื™ื‘ื•, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ื ืจืื•: ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืœืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื™ื ืžื›ืœื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ื ืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื” ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืžื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืื—ื– ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“. ืฉื–"ืก ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœื.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืืœืžืœื ื“ื ืจืื• ืœื ืืฉืชืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžืย ื›ื•': ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืกื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื›ื™ ืชื—ืœื” ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื‘' ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื ืงื•ืžื” ืฉื•ื” ืขื ื–"ื, ืืœื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืื—ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื–"ื, ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืงื˜ืจื’ ื”ื™ืจื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘' ืžืœื›ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืชืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืข"ื› ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืื—ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื•"ืง ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืชื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื”. ื•ืื– ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœืืคื™ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™, ื•ื ืง' ื™ื ื•ืงื™ ืจื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืŸ.

 

ืืœื ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืœื•, ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘' ืœืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื•ืื– ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืคื‘"ืค ืขื ื”ื–"ื. ื•ืื– ื”ื ื ืง' ืืคื™ ืจื‘ืจื‘ื™, ื•ื ื•ื“ืข, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื• ื”ืขื“ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื•ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืื—ื•ืจ, ืืคื™ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™, ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืกื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื” ื”ื "ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื“ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืืคื™ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืืœืžืœื ื“ื ืจืื• ืœื ืืฉืชืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžืย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื“ืืœืžืœื ื“ื ืจืื• ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื ืฆื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืชื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ื›ื "ืœ, ื”ื ื” ืœื ืืฉืชืืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืœืงื‘ืœื.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื•)ย ื•ึผืžึธืืŸ ืžึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื™ื ืขึธืœึฐืžึธื ื•ึฐื’ึธืจึดื™ื ืœึทืึฒื‘ึธื”ึธืŸ ื“ึผึฐืึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผึฐื™ึธื™ืŸ, ืงึทืœ ื™ึฐื ื•ึนืงึตื™ ื“ึผึฐืœึธืขึธืืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืจึทื™ึฐื™ืชึธื, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื’ึดื™ืŸ ืึดื™ื ื•ึผืŸ ืกืจึทื‘ึฐื™ึธื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืขึธืœึฐืžึธื, ืขึธืœึฐืžึธื ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผึฐื–ึตื™ื‘. ืœึฐืงึธื‘ึฐืœึตื™ื”ื•ึนืŸ, ืชึผื•ึนืจึตื™ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึธืšึฐ, ืึดืœึผึตื™ืŸ ืึดื™ื ื•ึผืŸ ื™ึฐื ื•ึนืงึตื™ ืจึทื‘ึฐื™ึธื™ืŸ ืขื•ึผืœึฐืžึดื™ืŸ, ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื ื–ึธื”ึธื‘.

 

ืชืจื’ื•ื

ื•ืžื™ย ื”ื•ืย ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืย ืืชย ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื•,ย ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ืขื•ืœื ืืœื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ. ื›ื ื’ื“ืย ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย ืชึผื•ึนืจึตื™ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึผึธืšึฐย (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื),ย ืืœื• ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื ืขืจื™ื, ืขืœืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึฐืจึปื‘ึดื™ื ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ย (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื” ื™ื—).

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื•)ย ื•ืžืืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืขืœืžืย ื•ื›ื•' : ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื•. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ืขื•ืœื ืืœื•, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ืฆืœ. ื›ื ื’ื“ื ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืชื•ืจื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื ืขืฉื” ืœืš. ืืœื• ื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื ืขืจื™ื, ืขืœืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘, ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ื”ื‘.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ืย ืจื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืœืžืย ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืื—ื•ืจ ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืžื•ืš, ื”ื ืงืจืย ืืคื™ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™, ื•ื›ืŸย ืจื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืœืžืย ื•ื›ืŸย ื™ื ื•ืงื™ ืจื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืŸย ื•ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ื ืงืจืย ืงืœ ื™ื ื•ืงื™ ื“ืœืขืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. ื•ื”"ืกย ืชื•ืจื™ ื–ื”ื‘ย ื•ื”"ืกย ื‘' ื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืืคื™ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™, ืืฉืจ ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื” ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื ื‘ืฉืžืืœื, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื–ื•ืœืชื, ื›ืž"ืฉ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืžื•ืš. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืžืืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืขืœืžื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืงืœื™' ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื›ื— ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืขื•ืœื ื›ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื”ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืชืงื ื” ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืงืฉืช ื‘ืขื ืŸ, ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉืขื™"ื–ย ืขืœืžื ืืฉืชื–ื™ื‘ย ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื, ื•ื’ืจืย ืœืื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ืืชื’ืœื™ื™ืŸย ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื—ื’"ืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืืฉ, ืฉื”ื—ื’"ืช ื ืขืฉื• ืื– ืœื—ื‘"ื“ ื“ื—ื™ื”. ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื,ย ืงืœ ื™ื ื•ืงื™ ื“ืœืขืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืื—ื•ืจ ื›ื "ืœ. ืฉื”"ืก ืงืœ ื™ื ื•ืงื™ ื•ืชื•ืจื™ ื–ื”ื‘.

 

 

ืžืืžืจย  ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื–) ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืคืชื—, ืฉืื• ืžืจื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื•ืจืื• ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”. ืฉืื• ืžืจื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื. ืœืืŸ ืืชืจ. ืœืืชืจ ื“ื›ืœ ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืชืœื™ืืŸ ืœื™ื”, ื•ืžืืŸ ืื™ื”ื•. ืคืชื— ืขื™ื ื™ื. ื•ืชืžืŸ ืชื ื“ืขื•ืŸ, ื“ื”ืื™ ืกืชื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื‘ืจื ืืœื”. ื•ืžืืŸ ืื™ื”ื•,ย ืžื™. ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ืืงืจื™ ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื, ื“ื›ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™ื”. ื•ืขืœ ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื•ืื™ื”ื• ื‘ืืจื— ืกืชื™ื ื•ืœื ืืชื’ืœื™ื, ืืงืจื™ ืžื™ ื“ื”ื ืœืขื™ืœื ืœื™ืช ืชืžืŸ ืฉืืœื”. ื•ื”ืื™ ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืืงืจื™ ืžื™.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื–)ย ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจย ื•ื›ื•' : ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ืจ"ื ืคืชื—,ย โ€‹ืฉืื• ืžืจื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื•ืจืื• ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”.ย ืฉืื• ืžืจื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื, ืฉื•ืืœ, ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื. ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘, ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ื•. ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ืขื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ื•ืฉื ืชื“ืขื•, ืฉืขืชื™ืงื ื”ืกืชื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื• ืฉืืœื”,ย ื‘ืจื ืืœื”, ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงืจืย ืž"ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืงืจื ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื•, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื• ืฉืืœื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืกืชื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื•ืœื”, ื ืงืจืย ืž"ื™. ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื”. ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืฉื. ื•ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœื” ื ืงืจืย ืž"ื™.

 

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ืย ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืคืชื—. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœื‘ืืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื ื“ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื›ื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื”ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื“ื–' ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉื”ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืœื ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆ"ืœ ื”ืืฆื™ืœ. ื•ืื•ืžืจ,ย ื•ืžืืŸ ืื™ื”ื• ืคืชื— ืขื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืืฉ ื"ื ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืคืชื— ืขื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ืข"ืก ื“ืจืืฉ ื ืง' ืขื™ื ื™ื. ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื"ื ืืœื ื›ืชืจ ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื ืง' ืคืชื— ืขื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืชื” ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืจืืฉ ื"ื, ืœื›ืœ ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืœืืชืจ ื“ื›ืœ ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืชืœื™ืืŸ ืœื™ื”ย ื›ื™ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื›ืžื” ื ืง' ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœื”ื• ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื–ื•ืœืช ืข"ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืืฉ ื"ื.

 

ื•ืชืžืŸ ืชื ื“ืขื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืชื— ืขื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืฉื ืชื ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”, ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ. ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื” ื‘ืจื, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื‘ืจ ืžืžื“ืจื’ืช ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœื‘ืจ ืžืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืข"ื› ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจืื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื’ื ืืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื–"ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื ืง' ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขืฉื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ื ืง' ืขืฉื™ื”.

 

ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื ืœื‘ื™"ืข ืžืžืฉ ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืกื ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืืœื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืคืจืกื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืข"ื› ื™ืฉ ื‘' ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™"ืข, ื”ื' ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™"ืข ื“ืคืจื•ื“ื, ืฉื ืคืจื“ื• ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืคืจืกื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืงืจืงืข ื“ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”. ื•ื”ื‘' ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™"ืข ื“ืขื•ืœื ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–"ื ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ื” ืฉื”ื ืœื‘ืจ ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ืคืจืกื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ื™ ืžืขื•ื”ื™ ื“ื"ื, ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœื•, ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ืฉืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื ื ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื›ืžื”, ื”ื ืง' ืจืืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™' ืขื•ืœื ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื›ืžื”, ื“ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื“' ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืื‘ื™"ืข, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื—ื›ืžื”, ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื ืœื’ื•ืฃื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ. ื•ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืœืŸ.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื“ื”ืื™ ืกืชื™ื ืขืชื™ืงืย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื‘ืจื ืืœื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืžื›ื— ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืฉืขืœืชื” ืœื—ื›ืžื” ื“ื"ื, ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืฉื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืฉืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ื“ื"ื, ื›ื "ืœ, ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื” ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืœื‘' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช: ื’"ืจ ื‘ืค"ืข, ื•ื–"ืช ื‘ืค"ืข, ืžื˜ืขื, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืข"ืก ื“ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ืจืง ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ืกื•"ื” ื›ื™ ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื ื—ื›ืžื”,ย (ืขื™' ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืื•ืช ื”')ย ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืชื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืคื•ื’ืžืชื” ื›ืœืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืžื ื• ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืฉื•ื ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื—ืžืช ืขืžื™ื“ืชื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ืขืชื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจืืฉ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืืœื• ืœื ื™ืฆืื” ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื“ืžื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืชืงื ืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื"ื ืžืคื” ืขื“ ื”ื—ื–ื”.

 

ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื‘' ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื”ื ื” ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ื ืฉืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืืจืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื ื ืคื’ืžื• ืžื—ืžืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื“ื"ื, ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ืœื•"ืง ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ. ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืืžืจ ืื‘ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืžื ืœื—ื•ืฅ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืจ ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ื”ื ื ืง' ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ื•ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื"ื ืžื—ื–ื” ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื”ื ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื˜ื”, ื“ื"ื ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช.

 

ื•ื–"ืก ื”ืคืจืกื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ื™ ืžืขื•ื”ื™ ื“ื"ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื— ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ืจ ืžืจืืฉ, ื•ืžืคืจื™ืขืชื ืžืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื›ืžื”, ื›ื™ ืืข"ืค ืฉืžืกืš ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื” ื“ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ืž"ืž ืฉื ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืœื•ื, ื›ื™ ืฉื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื‘ื—ื™' ืจืืฉ ื"ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืžืขืœ ื”ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื›ื— ื”ืžืกืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืžืชื—ืชื™ื• ืœื‘ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื–ื”.

 

ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ื”ืื™ ืกืชื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื ืง' ืขืชื™ืงื ืงื“ื™ืฉื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื ืžืคื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื“ื"ื ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืข"ื› ื ืงืจืื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ืฉื ืขืชื™ืงื ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืžืฆืื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื"ื ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ืกืชื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื.

 

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื“ื”ืื™ ืกืชื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื” ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืจืง ื”ื–"ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ ืกืชื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื ื”ื ืง' ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ื—ื™'ย ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืข"ื™ ืขืœื™ืช ืž"ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืฉืืœื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขืœื™ืช ืž"ืŸ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื. (ืจื™ืฉ ืชืขื ื™ืช) ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืจืง ื”ื–"ืช ื“ื”ืื™ ืกืชื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื ื”ื ืง' ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืž"ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื›ืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื”, ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ืข"ื›ย ื‘ืจื ืืœื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ื ืง' ืืœื”.

 

ื•ื ื‘ืจืื• ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ื›ื—ื ื‘ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ืจืืฉ ื›ืžื”ื•. ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื” ื‘ืจื ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืจืืฉ ืžื‘ื—ื™' ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ืžืืŸ ืื™ื”ื• ืž"ื™: ื”ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื”, ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืง' ืž"ื™,ื•ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื, ื›ื "ืœ, ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืคืจืกื ืฉื‘ื—ื–ื” ื“ื"ื ื”ืžื‘ื“ืœืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื”ืืจืช ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื. ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื ื“ื›ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™ื”, ื”ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืง' ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื•ื ืง' ืž"ื™ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™'ย ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจืง ืžื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ื ืง'ย ืž"ื™, ื•ืข"ื› ื ืง' ื”ืž"ื™ย ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื, ื“ื›ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื ื–ื•"ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื’' ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™"ืข ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ื–ื” ื”ื ืงืจื ืž"ื™, ื•ืข"ื› ื›ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™ื”.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืœืขื™ืœื ืœื™ืช ืชืžืŸ ืฉืืœื” ื•ื”ืื™ ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืืงืจื™ ืž"ื™: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืขื™ืœื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ืŸ ืื•"ื ืขืœืื™ืŸ,ย ืœื™ืช ืชืžืŸ ืฉืืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืž"ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื—ื›ืžื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืขืฆื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ื ื ื ืง' ืž"ื™, ื’ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื—ื™'ย ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”. ื•ืจืง ื”ื–"ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืืœื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืž"ืŸ ืžื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื”ืืจืช ื—ื›ืžื”, ืข"ื› ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื–"ื ื”ื ืง' ืฉืžื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ื.

 

ื—) ื•ืื™ืช ืื—ืจื ืœืชืชื ื•ืืงืจื™ ืžื”, ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ ืœื”ืื™, ืืœื ืงื“ืžืื” ืกืชื™ืžืื” ื“ืืงืจื™ ืžื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ืฉ ื•ืžืคืฉืคืฉ ืœืืกืชื›ืœื ื•ืœืžื ื“ืข ืžื“ืจื’ื ืœื“ืจื’ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื˜ื™ ืชืžืŸ ืžื”, ืžื” ื™ื“ืขืช, ืžื” ืืกืชื›ืœืชื, ืžื” ืคืฉืคืฉืชื, ื”ื ื›ืœื ืกืชื™ื ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื—) ื•ืื™ืช ืื—ืจื ืœืชืชื ื•ืืงืจื™ ืžื”, ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ ืœื”ืื™, ืืœื ืงื“ืžืื” ืกืชื™ืžืื” ื“ืืงืจื™ ืžื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ืฉ ื•ืžืคืฉืคืฉ ืœืืกืชื›ืœื ื•ืœืžื ื“ืข ืžื“ืจื’ื ืœื“ืจื’ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื˜ื™ ืชืžืŸ ืžื”, ืžื” ื™ื“ืขืช, ืžื” ืืกืชื›ืœืชื, ืžื” ืคืฉืคืฉืชื, ื”ื ื›ืœื ืกืชื™ื ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื—)ย ื•ืื™ืช ืื—ืจื ืœืชืชืย ื•ื›ื•': ื•ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ื ืงืจืย ืž"ื”. ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘, ืืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกืชื•ื, ืฉื ืงืจืย ืž"ื™, ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื• ืฉืืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื—ืงืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืžืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืฉืžื”, ื”ื•ืย ืž"ื”. ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ืžื” ื™ื“ืขืช, ืžื” ื”ืกืชื›ืœืช, ืžื” ื—ืงืจืช, ื”ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืกืชื•ื ื›ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”.ย ืžืคืฉืคืฉย ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื—ืงืจ. ื›ื™ ื—ืงืจ, ืžืชืจื’ื ืคืฉืคืฉ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื—' ื—').

 

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืขื ื”ื–"ื ืคื‘"ืค, ื ืงืจืืช ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืฉืย ืž"ื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงืฆื” ืฉืžื™ื ื“ืœืชืชื, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื”ื–"ื ื”ื ืง' ืฉืžื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ื ืง' ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืง' ื”ื ืง' ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืชืชื. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ืฉ ื•ืžืคืฉืคืฉ ืœืืกืชื›ืœื: ืœืืกืชื›ืœืย ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื“ืื•"ื ื”ื ืง' ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืื•"ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืข"ื™ ืขืœื™ืชื ืœืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืฉืื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฆืžื, ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขืฆืžื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืœ ื”ื’"ืจ ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืื™ื ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื›ืžื”. ืืœื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืž"ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื›ืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืž"ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืž"ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื•ืื– ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœืž"ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ื•ืื– ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืœื"ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื ืฉื ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืขื ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื•ืื– ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืื•"ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ.

 

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ืฉย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืขืœื” ืž"ืŸ,ย ื•ืžืคืฉืคืฉย ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืคืฉืคืฉ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœื–ื•ื•ื’ ืื•"ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ืœืืกืชื›ืœืย ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•"ื ื™ืกืชื›ืœื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื—ื›ืžื”.ย ื•ืœืžื ื“ืข ืžื“ืจื’ื ืœื“ืจื’ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ืืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืข"ื™ ืขืœื™ืช ืž"ืŸ ื•ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื›ื "ืœ, ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ืื• ื ืง' ื—ื›ืžื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืž"ืŸ ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื“ืขืช ืœืื•"ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื–ื•ื•ื’ ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ื“ืข ืื“ื ืืช ื—ื•ื” ืืฉืชื•. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ืœืžื ื“ืขย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ืขืชย ืžื“ืจื’ื ืœื“ืจื’ืย ืžื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื’ืช ืื•"ื ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื–"ื,ย ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื”ื–"ื ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”ื ืง' ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ืช ืž"ืŸย (ืขื™' ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืื•ืช ืฆ"ื“ ื•ืฆ"ื”). ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืื‘"ื ืขื ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™' ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืคื‘"ืค ืขื ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ. ืข"ืฉ.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื˜ื™ ืชืžืŸ ืž"ื”: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื™ ืชืžืŸ ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื, ืื– ื ืงืจืืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ืž"ื”. ื•ื ืง' ื›ืŸ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ืชืจื•ืžื” ื“ืฃ ืงื›"ื– ืข"ื). ื•ื–"ืœ, "ื“ืจื’ื ืชืชืื” ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืจื–ื ื“ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื” ืืงืจื™ ืž"ื”, ื•ืชื ื™ื ืŸ: ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ ืž"ื” ืืœื ืžืื”,(ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืžื’, ืข"ื‘) โ€‹ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืžื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืื™ื ื•ืŸ" ืขื›"ืœ. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืข"ื› ื ืง' ืž"ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื ื‘ืื” ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื“ืžื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื. ื•ืื•ืžืจื•, ืžื” ื™ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืืกืชื›ืœืชื ืžื” ืคืฉืคืฉืชื ื”ื ื›ืœื ืกืชื™ื ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื: ื’ื ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ื–"ืœ ืชื•, ืืžืื™ ืืงืจื™ ืž"ื”, ืืœื ืืข"ื’ ื“ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืขื™ืœืื” ื“ืืชืžืฉืš ืœื ืืชื’ืœื™ื ืขื“ ื“ืืฉืชืœื™ื ื”ื›ื, ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืืชืจ ืกื•ืคื ื“ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ, ืกื•ืคื ื“ืืžืฉื›ื•ืชื ื“ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืืชื’ืœื™ื, ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ืืชื’ืœื™ื ื™ืชื™ืจ ืžื›ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ืž"ื”, ืžื” ื—ืžื™ืช, ืžื” ื™ื“ืขืช, ื›ืžื ื“ืืช ืืžืจืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ืจืื™ืชื ื›ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื›"ืœ.

 

ื•ื”ื ืš ืจื•ืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืž"ืž ืื™ื”ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’"ื› ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื›ืืŸย ืžื” ื™ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืืกืชื›ืœืชื ืžื” ืคืฉืคืฉืชื ื”ื ื›ืœื ืกืชื™ื ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’"ื› ื›ืžื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืชืจื•ืžื”,ืืฉืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืž"ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœ ืกืชื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื›ืžื• ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืขื•ื“ ืœืฉืืœื”, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ.ย (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื–' ื‘ื“"ื” ื•ื–"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื. ืœื™ืช ืชืžืŸ ืฉืืœื”).

 

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื"ื› ืžื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืืœื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื’ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื' ืœืžื” ื ืงืจืืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืž"ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”"ืก, ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ ืž"ื” ืืœื ืžืื” (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืžื’ :), ืฉื”"ืก ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืฉืคืขืช ืœืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืœืคื™"ื– ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื•ื“ ื ืฉืืจืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืกืชื™ื ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื.

 

ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื: ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื”ื ืง' ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื' ื•ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘'. ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื', ืขื•ืœื™ื ืจืง ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ืœืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื—ื“, ืž"ืž ื ืฉืืจื• ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื"ื, ืืœื ืฉื ืชืขืœื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืื•"ื ืฉืžืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืคื” ืขื“ ื”ื—ื–ื” ื“ื"ื ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื‘ื—ื™' ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืขืฉื• ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืขื ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืชื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืคืจืกื ื“ื—ื–ื” ื“ื"ื ืฉืฉื ืžืื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืข"ื“ ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจย (ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ื–' ื“"ื” ื•ื–"ืฉ ื“ื”ืื™ ืกืชื™ื)ย ื‘ืื•"ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ.

 

ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื“ื’"ืจ ืืœ ื”ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื–"ื ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื•ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื "ืœ, ื›ื™ ืข"ื™ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืžืชืขืœื™ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉืžืงื•ื“ื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื–ื” ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื"ื, ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื ื•ืง' ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืžื, ื•ืข"ื› ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžืื” ื›ืžื• ืืžื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™' ืžืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžื ื•ืืœืคื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื‘ื, ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ื›ื ื•ื“ืข.

 

ืืžื ื ืžืฆื“ ืื—ืจ, ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืจืง ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืž"ื™ ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืž"ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืœื‘ืฉืชื” ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื”ื—ื–ื” ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื"ื ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืคืจืกื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ื™ ืžืขื•ื”ื™ ื“ื"ื, ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืืจืช ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื ืคืกืง ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืคืจืกื ื–ื•, ื›ื "ืœย (ืื•ืช ื–' ื“"ื” ื•ื–"ืฉ ื“ื”ืื™ ืขืฉ"ื”).ย ื•ืข"ื› ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืจื•ื™ื—ื” ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืž"ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืœื–ื”, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืกืชื™ื ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื ื›ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ. ืืžื ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ื™ื—ื” ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืžื, ื›ื™ ืขืœืชื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ืฉื ืง' ืืžื, ืฉื–"ืก ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื "ืœ.

 

ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•"ืง ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจืืฉ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืคืจืกื ื“ื—ื–ื” ื“ื"ื, ื›ื "ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ืชื” ืขืชื” ืฉื•ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•"ืง, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืฉื ืžื—ื–ื” ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื"ื. ืฉื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ื•"ืง ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื—ืกืจ ื’"ืจ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื’ืช ื’"ืจ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื ืง' ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘' ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืง' ื•ื–ื” ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื” ื“ืืœื™ื”ื•.

 

ืขืชื” ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ื‘' ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจ, ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืง' ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ืž"ื”. ืืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื' ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ื”ื ื•ืง' ื”ื ืง' ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืฉืข"ื› ืืžืจื• ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ ืž"ื” ืืœื ืžืื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืข"ื™ ืขืœื™ืชื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื‘ื›ื— ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ื˜ืขื ื‘' ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ, ืืฉืจ ืขื›"ื–, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœืชื” ืจืง ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื”ื—ื–ื” ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื"ื ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื ื•ืง' ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืง' ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื•"ืง ื‘ืœื™ ื’"ืจ, ืืœื ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืืžื ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื•"ืง ื“ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื•"ืง ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช.

 

ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื™ื“ืขืช ื•ืžื” ื•ื›ื•' ื”ื›ืœ ืกืชื™ื ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ. ืืœื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”ืจื•ื™ื—ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ, ืฉื”"ืก ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ืŸ ื•"ืง ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ืขื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ. ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.ืฉื”ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ืขืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืžื ืฉื”"ืก ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ืŸ ื•"ืง ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ืขื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ. ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื˜) ื•ืขืœ ืจื–ื ื“ื ื ื›ืชื™ื‘, ืžื” ืืขื™ื“ืš ืžื” ืื“ืžื” ืœืš. ื›ื“ ืืชื—ืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ ืžืงื“ืฉื, ื ืคืง ืงืœื ื•ืืžืจ, ืžื” ืืขื™ื“ืš ื•ืžื” ืื“ืžื” ืœืš, ื‘ื”ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืืขื™ื“ืš, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืžื ืืกื”ื™ื“ืช ื‘ืš ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืงื“ืžืื™ืŸ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืขื“ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืžื” ืื“ืžื” ืœืš, ื‘ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื•ื ื ืžืžืฉ, ืขื˜ืจื™ืช ืœืš ื‘ืขื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸ, ืขื‘ื“ื™ืช ืœืš ืฉืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืœืžื, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื–ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ื›ืœื™ืœืช ื™ืคื™ ื•ื’ื•'. ืงืจื™ื ื ืœืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื›ืขื™ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืจื” ืœื”. ืžื” ืืฉื•ื” ืœืš,ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ืื ืช ื™ืชื‘ื, ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื™ืœื, ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ืœื ืขืืœื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื ื‘ืš ืขืžื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸ, ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ืžื™ื ื ืœืš, ื“ืœื ืื™ืขื•ืœ ืื ื ืœืขื™ืœื ืขื“ ื“ื™ืขืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืš ืื›ืœื•ืกืš ืœืชืชื. ื•ื“ื ืื™ื”ื• ื ื—ืžื” ื“ื™ืœืš, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื“ื“ืจื’ื ื“ื ืืฉื•ื” ืœืš ื‘ื›ืœื. ื•ื”ืฉืชื ื“ืื ืช ื”ื›ื, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืš. ื•ืื™ ืชื™ืžื ื“ืœื™ืช ืœืš ืงื™ื™ืžื ื•ืืกื•ื•ืชื, ืžื™ ื™ืจืคื ืœืš, ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ืจื’ื ืกืชื™ืžืื” ืขืœืื”, ื“ื›ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ื™ื”, ื™ืจืคื ืœืš ื•ื™ื•ืงื™ื ืœืš.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื˜)ย ื•ืขืœ ืจื–ื ื“ื ืย ื•ื›ื•' : ื•ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย โ€‹ืžื” ืืขื™ื“ืš ื•ืžื” ืื“ืžื” ืœืš. ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื™ืฆื ืงื•ืœ ื•ืืžืจย ืžื”ย ืืขื™ื“ืšย ื•ืžื”ย ืื“ืžื” ืœืš, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืž"ื”ย ื”ื”ื•ื ืืขื™ื“ืš. ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืš ืžื™ืžื™ื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘, ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ.ย ืžื”ย ืื“ืžื” ืœืš, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืืคืŸ ืžืžืฉ, ื”ืขื˜ืจืชื™ ืœืš ื‘ืขื˜ืจื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘, ื”ื–ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ื›ืœื™ืœืช ื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ื’ื•'. ืงืจืืชื™ ืื•ืชืš, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื›ืขื™ืจ ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”.ย ืžื”ย ืืฉื•ื” ืœืš, ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”.

 

ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืชื” ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืš ื”ืขื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœืš, ืฉืœื ืื›ื ื•ืก ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืš ืฆื‘ืื•ืชื™ืš ืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืžื” ืฉืœืš, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื” ืœืš ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ. ื•ืขืชื” ืฉืืช ื›ืืŸ,ย ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืš. ื•ืื ืชืืžืจื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงื™ื•ื ื•ืจืคื•ืื”. ืžื™ ื™ืจืคื ืœืš, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืกืชื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื”ื ืงืจืืชย ืž"ื™, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืชืจืคืืš ื•ืชืงื™ื ืื•ืชืš.ย ืื›ืœื•ืกืšย ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ืš ืฆื‘ืื•ืชื™ืš, ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ื“, ืžืชืจื’ื ืื•ื›ืœืกื (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™"ื˜ ื™"ื‘).

 

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืง ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ื– ื•ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืž"ืŸ ืœื–ื•ื•ื’ ื–ื•"ืŸ ืืœื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืฉืคืข ืœืก"ื ื”ื ืง' ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉืžืกื‘ื” ื–ื• ื ืคืจื“ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ื–ื•"ืŸ ื•ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœื• ืžืื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื•ื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืง.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื ืคืง ืงืœื ื•ืืžืจ ืžื” ืืขื™ื“ืšย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืžื ืืกื”ื™ื“ืช ื‘ืš ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืงื“ืžืื™ืŸย ืืœื• ื”ื•"ืง ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ืž"ื”ย ื›ื "ืœ, ื ืง' ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืงื“ืžืื™ืŸ, ื•ื”"ืก ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ย โ€‹ื›ื™ ืฉืืœ ื ื ืœื™ืžื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืœืžืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื’ื•' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“' ืœ"ื‘) ื•ื ืง' ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ื•"ืง ื“ืื•"ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ื•ื ื–"ืช ื“ืื•"ื, ื›ื "ืœย (ืื•ืช ื–' ื“"ื” ื•ื–"ืฉ ื“ื”ืื™ ืข"ืฉ).

 

ื•ื–' ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•"ื ื”ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืืœ ื–' ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื“ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ย โ€‹ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅย ื›ื™ ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืคืจืฉื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“' ื›"ื•) ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขืœ ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื–ื•"ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ืง' ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’, ื•ืื ืœื, ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ืื‘ื“ ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืจ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื–"ืก ืž"ื” ืืขื™ื“ืš, ืขืœ ืืœื• ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ืœืฉืžืจื ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืชื, ื•ืืชื” ืขื‘ืจืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื›ืŸ ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื—"ื• ื›ื™ ืื‘ื“ ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืจ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื•'.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืž"ื” ืื“ืžื” ืœืš ื‘ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื•ื ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื˜ืจื™ืช ืœืš ื‘ืขื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื›ืขื™ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืจื” ืœื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•ย ื›ื™ ืืœื• ืžืื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื–"ื ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื’. ื“ืž"ื”,ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืขืœื™ืชื ืœื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื–"ื ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื‘ื, ื•ื”ื ื•ืง' ื ืขืฉืชื” ืœื‘ื—ื™' ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ื•ืื– ื ืขืฉื™ื ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ืข"ื– ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย ื›ืขื™ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืจื” ืœื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ืง' ื”ื ืง' ืขื™ืจ, ื ืชื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื•ื ืขืฉืชื” ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ื ืง' ืขื˜ืจื™ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ืื– ื ืง' ื›ืœื™ืœืช ื™ื•ืคื™ ืžืฉื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœืชย ืฉืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืœืžื.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืž"ื” ืืฉื•ื” ืœืš ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ืื ืช ื™ืชื‘ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื‘ืกื‘ืช ื—ื˜ืื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืง ื•ื ื’ืœื• ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื, ื’ืจืžื• ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื ื›ื™ ื˜"ืก ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื ืคืœื• ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืชื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืž"ื” ืืฉื•ื” ืœืšย ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืž"ื™ ื™ืจืคื ืœืš: ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืชืงื ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืž"ืŸ ืœื–ื•"ืŸ, ื”ื ื” ืื– ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืžืฉื›ื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืขืœื” ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืœื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ื ืง'ย ืž"ื™, ื•ืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืจืคื•ืื”.

ย 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื™) ืžื™ ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื, ืžื” ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืชืชื, ื•ื“ื ื™ืจื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘,ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืžื‘ืจื™ื— ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ืงื“ืžืื” ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืžื™, ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื” ื‘ืชืจืื” ื“ืื™ื”ื• ืžื”, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืงืื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ืชื. ื•ืขืœ ื“ื, ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื™)ย ืžื™ ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ืย ื•ื›ื•' :ย ืž"ื™ย ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช,ย ืž"ื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”. ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื•ื–ื” ื™ืจืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื–"ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจื™ื— ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืย ืž"ื™, ืขื“ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ืย ืž"ื”. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”. ืฉื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื•ย ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืจืื• ืืช ื–"ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืื™ืย ืืœ"ื”.

 

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื,ื•ืœืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื” ื•ืขื“ ืงืฆื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืฃ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืž"ื™ ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื—ื–ื” ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื"ื.ย ืž"ื”ย ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืฉืžื˜ืจื ื”ืขืœืื” ืž"ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื” ื“ื–"ื ื•ืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื™ืขืงื‘, ื”ื•ื ื–"ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื"ื ืขื“ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจื™ื— ืžืงืฆื” ื“ืž"ื™ย ืขื“ ื”ืงืฆื” ื“ืž"ื”. ื›ื™ ื”ืž"ื™ย ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื"ื, ื•ืฉื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืฉื”ื™ืย ืž"ื”ย ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื• ื›ื "ืœ.

 

ืืžื ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื›ืž"ืฉ, ื‘ืจื™ืฉื ื“ืงืจื, ืฉืืœ ื ื ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•', ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ื”ื ืง' ื™ืžื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉืื– ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื“ืœืชืชื ืฉื”ื•ืย ืž"ื”ย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืขืœืชื” ื•ื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืž"ื™ย ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืžืฉ. ื•ืข"ื› ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืงืฆื” ืขื“ ื”ืงืฆื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขืชื” ื ืขืฉื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืื—ื“. ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื–"ื, ืฉื”ื ื•"ืง ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื‘ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื’"ืช ื ื”"ื™, ื•ื”ื ื•ืง' ื ื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ืขืชื” ื‘ืงืฆื” ื“ื–"ื, ื”ื ืง' ืฉืžื™ื, ืืœื ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ, ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉืžื™ื.

 

ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืคื™' ื‘', ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉ"ืก, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•' ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื—ื’"ืช ื ื”"ื™ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื”ืงืฆื” ื“ื™ืฉ"ืก, ืขื“ ื”ืงืฆื” ื“ื–"ื ื”ื ืง' ืฉืžื™ื ื“ืœืชืชื.
ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ืขืœ ื“ื ืž"ื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืœ ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ย ืž"ื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ย ื›ื™ย ืž"ื™ย ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื“ื"ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื–ื” ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืคืจืกื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ื™ ืžืขื•ื”ื™ ื“ื"ื, ืฉืฉื ืื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืจืช ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื–' ื“"ื” ื•ื–"ืฉ ื“ื”ืื™, ืข"ืฉ). ื“ืข"ื› ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืž"ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื• ืžื”ื—ื–ื” ืขื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื"ื, ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืขืชื” ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื“ื"ื, ื•ื–"ืฉ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย ืž"ื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ย ืฉื”ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื ื˜ืœื• ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืž"ื™.

 

ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื” ื“ืืœื™ื”ื•

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื™ื) ืืžืจ ืจ"ืฉ, ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืคืกื•ืง ืžื™ืœืš, ื•ื™ืชื’ืœื™ ืกืชื™ืžื ื“ืจื–ื ืขืœืื” ื“ื‘ื ื™ ืขืœืžื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื™ืŸ. ืฉืชื™ืง ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ. ื‘ื›ื” ืจ"ืฉ, ื•ืงืื™ื ืจื’ืขื ื—ื“ื. ื"ืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ืืœืขื–ืจ, ืžืื™ ืืœื”. ืื™ ืชื™ืžื ื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื™, ื”ื ืืชื—ื–ืŸ ืชืžืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ. ื•ื‘ืžื” ืื™ืชื‘ืจื™ืื•, ื›ื“"ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืฉืžื™ื ื ืขืฉื•. ืื™ ืขืœ ืžืœื™ืŸ ืกืชื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืœื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืœื”, ื“ื”ื ืื™ืชื’ืœื™ื ืื™ื”ื•.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื™ื)ย ืืžืจ ืจ"ืฉย ื•ื›ื•': ืืžืจ ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ : ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ื ื™, ืขืžื•ื“ ืžืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืชืชื’ืœื” ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืฉืชืง ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ. ื‘ื›ื” ืจ"ืฉ, ื•ืขืžื“ ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“. ื"ืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ: ืืœืขื–ืจ, ืžื”ื•ย ืืœ"ื”. ืื ืชืืžืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื–ืœื•ืช, ื”ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื. ื•ื‘ืž"ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื ื‘ืจืื•. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืฉืžื™ื ื ืขืฉื•. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•,ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”', ื ืขืฉื• ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ืื ืืœ"ื” ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืกืชื•ืžื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ย ืืœ"ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื.
ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ื›ืืŸ ืืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื', ื•ืจ"ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘', ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”.

 

ืข"ื› ืฆื•ื” ืœื• ืœืคืกื•ืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื™ื’ืœื” ืœื• ืกืชื™ืžื ื“ืจื–ื ืขื™ืœืื” ื“ื‘ื ื™ ืขืœืžื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืœื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื’ืœื™ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืจ"ืฉ ื’ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื›ืืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,ย ืžืื™ ืืœื”, ืื™ ืชื™ืžื ื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื™ย ื•ื›ื•', ืจ"ืฉ ืฉืืœ ืœื•, ืžืื™ ืืœื”, ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืž"ื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ืื™ ืชื™ืžื ื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื™, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื•"ืง ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื•, ื•ืข"ื– ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืž"ื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื•"ืง ื ืง' ื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื™. ืข"ื– ื”ืงืฉื”, ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื,ย ื”ื ืžืชื—ื–ื™ ืชืžืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืœื ื”ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื ืชืžื™ื“, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืคื™' ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ืจืื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ย ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืจื ืืœื”.

 

ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืกืง, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื–"ื ืืœื ื•"ืง ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ, ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ื•ืชืคืœื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ. ืืœื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื ืชื“ื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ. ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืงืฉื” ืœื•ย ื•ื‘ืž"ื” ืืชื‘ืจื™ืื•ย ื›ื™ ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืืœื ืœื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืง'ย ืž"ื”, ืฉืžื”ื ื™ืฆืื•, ื›ืž"ืฉย ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”'ย ืฉื”ื•ื ื–"ื ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ื”, ื”ื–"ื ื ืง'ย ื”', ื•ื”ื ื•ืง'ย ื“ื‘ืจ.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื™ื‘) ืืœื ืจื–ื ื“ื ืœื ืืชื’ืœื™ื, ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืžื ื—ื“ ื“ื”ื•ื™ื ื ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฃ ื™ืžื, ื•ืืชื ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™, ืจ' ื™ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”. ืืžื™ื ื ืœื™ื”, ืืœื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืœื”ื•ืŸ, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ืงื‘"ื” ื“ืื™ืช ืœื™ื” ืœื‘ืจ ื ืฉ ืœืืกืชื›ืœื ื‘ื”ื•, ื•ืœื‘ืจื›ื ืœื™ื”, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืืจืื” ืฉืžื™ืš ืžืขืฉื” ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ืš ื•ื’ื•' ื”' ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื™ื‘)ย ืืœื ืจื–ื ื“ืย ื•ื›ื•' : ืืœื ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืœื ื ืชื’ืœื”, ืืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ : ืจื‘ื™, ื”ื™ื“ืขืช ืžื”ื•ย ืžื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœื”. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•, ืืœื• ื”ื, ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ืื, ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื•. ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ืืจืื” ืฉืžื™ืš ืžืขืฉื” ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ืš ื•ื’ื•', ื”' ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื™ื’) ื"ืœ, ืจื‘ื™: ืžืœื” ืกืชื™ืžื ื”ื•ื” ืงืžื™ ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ื’ืœื™ ื‘ืžืชื™ื‘ืชื ืขืœืื”, ื•ื“ื ื”ื•ื. ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืกืชื™ืžื ื“ื›ืœ ืกืชื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืœืืชื’ืœื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ื, ื•ื“ื ืกืœื™ืง ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”. ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื—ืงืง ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื’ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื™ื’)ย ื"ืœ ืจื‘ื™ย ื•ื›ื•': ืืžืจ ืœื™: ืจื‘ื™, ื“ื‘ืจ ืกืชื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื. ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืกืชื•ื ืžื›ืœ ืกืชื•ืžื™ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช, ืขืฉื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื• ืขืœืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœืชื” ื•ื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”. ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ืงืง ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื•ืช.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืขืชื™ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ื' ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืง' ืกืชื™ืžื ื“ื›ืœ ืกืชื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืืžืจื•ย ื‘ืื“ืจื ืจื‘ื (ืื•ืช ืงืข"ื“ )ย ื›ืœ ืจื™ืฉื ื“ืขืžื ื“ืœื ืืชืชืงืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื ืœื™ืช ืขืžื ืžืชืชืงื ื. ืžื ื ืœืŸ. ืžืขืชื™ืง ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ, ื“ืขื“ ื“ืœื ืืชืชืงืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื•ื™ ืœื ืืชืชืงื ื• ื›ืœ ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืœืืชืชืงื ื, ื•ื›ืœื”ื• ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื‘ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืชืย ื‘ืื“ืจื ื–ื•ื˜ื (ืื•ืช ืข"ื“ ).ย ืชืื ื, ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืขืชื™ืงื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ืกืชื™ืžื ื“ื›ืœ ืกืชื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืœืืชืชืงื ื, ื›ืœื ืืชืงื™ืŸ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืจ ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ืย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื“ื”ืื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ืืชืคืฉื˜ ื•ืืคื™ืง ืžื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืืฉื›ื— ื“ื›ืจ ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ืย ื•ื”"ืก ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื“ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘'.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืืžืจย ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืกืชื™ืžื ื“ื›ืœ ืกืชื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืœืืชื’ืœื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ื. ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉืขืชื™ืงื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื“ืืชืชืงืŸ ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘', ื”ื•ืย ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืฉืย ื“ื"ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื•ย ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืขืœื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืง' ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™' ืจื™ืฉื ื“ื"ื, ื•ืฉื ื ืชืชืงื ื” ื”ื ื•ืง' ื”ืžืขืœื” ืื•"ื— ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืข"ืก ื“ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ื•ื ืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื‘ืกืคื™' ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืกืชื™ืžืชื”,ย ื•ืืฉืชื›ื—ย ื”ื—ื›ืžื”ย ื›ื“ื•"ื ย ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ืจืืฉ ื"ื ื™ืฆืื• ืœื‘ืจ ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื“ื"ื. ื•ื–"ืกย ื—ื›ืžื” ืืชืคืฉื˜ ื•ืืคื™ืง ืžื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื”ย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื•ืฃ.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ื“ื ืกืœื™ืง ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืืฉืจ ืขืœืชื” ืœื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื ืชืงื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื›ื“ื›ืจ ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื”ื™ื ืขืœืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื•ื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื›ื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืขื ื—ื›ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื—ื›ืžื” ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืœื ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืืขืค"ื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ืจืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื™' ื ืงื•ื“ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื ืขืฉืชื”, ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ื“ื ืกืœื™ืง ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”ย ืฉื–ื” ื’ืจื ืืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”.

ื•ื“ืข, ื›ื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ืง' ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ื”ืฉื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื”, ื”ื ื•ืง' ื“ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืข"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื ื—ื›ืžื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืง' ื“ื—ื›ืžื”, ืืžื ื ืžืขืฆื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื” ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื ื—ื›ืžื”, ื›ื "ืœ. ืื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืฉื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืจืง ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจืืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ื›ืžื”. ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื–ื”.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื—ืงืง ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื’ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื“ืกืœื™ืง ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื•ื—ืงืง ื›ืœ ื”' ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉื”ื ื"ื ืื•"ื ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื”, ื•ื—ืงืง ื‘ื”, ืจื•ืžื– ื‘ื–ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืจื‘, ื›ื™ย ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ย ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ืฉื ืืฆืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื”ื• ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ื”"ืค ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื“ื”ืื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื“ืกืœืงื ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื™ืฆืื• ืงื•ืžืช ื•"ืง ื“ืื•"ื— ื•ืื•"ื™ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื›ืชืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื•ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ. ืื‘ืœย ื—ืงืง ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื’ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืขื ืขืœื™ืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื ืขืฉื• ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืงื™ืงื•ืช, ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื”ื• ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืข"ืก ื“ื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”, ืฉื”"ืก ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืกืš ืฉื‘ื”, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื–ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืข"ืก ื“ืจืืฉ ื”ื ืง' ืคื”, ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืฉื , ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ืจืืฉ, ืขืœืชื” ืขืชื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ื ืง' ื ืงื‘ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ืฉืœื”, ืฉื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืงื‘ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืฉื ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ, ื•ื’' ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ื–"ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ื ืง' ืื—"ืค, ื™ืจื“ื• ืžืชื—ืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื’ื•ืฃ.

 

ื•ืขื“"ื– ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื’ื ื‘ืข"ืก ื“ื’ื•ืฃ, ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืข"ืก ื“ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ื ืง' ืกื™ื•ื ืจื’ืœื™ืŸ, ืขืœืชื” ืขืชื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืช"ืช, ื›ื™ ื—ื’"ืช ื“ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื ื›ื—"ื‘, ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื‘ืช"ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื”, ื•ืืœื• ื’' ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื ืง' ืชื ื”ื™"ื. ื™ืฆืื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืคืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื‘ื™"ืข ื“ืคืจื•ื“ื.

ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืกื‘ืช ืขืœื™ืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื ื‘ืงืขื” ื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœื‘' ื—ืฆืื™ื ืฉื—ืฆื™ื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ื›ืชืจ ื—ื›ืžื” ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–"ื ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ืื‘ื“ื• ืžืžื ื” ื•ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืžืชื—ืชื™ื”. ื•ื–"ืก ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ืขืœย ืž"ื™ ืืœ"ื”, ื›ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืข"ืก ื›ื—"ื‘ ื–ื•"ืŸ ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืœื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื”' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”' ืกืคื™' ื›ื—"ื‘ ื–ื•"ืŸ, ืฉืืœ"ื”ย ื”ืŸ ื›ื—"ื‘,ย ื™"ืย ื”ืŸ ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื•ืขืชื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื—ืœืงื” ื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœื‘' ื—ืฆืื™ื, ืฉื›ืชืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ื ืฉืืจื•, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื ืคืœื• ืžืžื ื”, ื›ื "ืœ, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืž"ื™, ื•ื’' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ื ืคืœื• ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืžืชื—ืชื™ื”.

ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื›ื™ ืœืคื™"ื– ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ื"ืœย ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื•ื”ื™"ืžย ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื ืคื•ืœ ืžืžื ื” ืœื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”. ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืจืš ื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืชื—ืœื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ื ื”ื›ืœื™ ื“ื›ืชืจ ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื›ืœื™ ื“ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ. ื•ื”ื™ืคื•ื›ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืื—"ื› ืื•ืจ ื”ื–"ื, ื•ืื—"ื› ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื›ื•' ืขื“ ืื•ืจ ื”ื›ืชืจ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื ื‘' ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืชืจ ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื”, ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืืœื ื‘' ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช, ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ื–"ื, ื”ื ืง' ื•"ืง. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืจืง ื‘' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืž"ื™ ื ืฉืืจื•, ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื”"ืก ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ื–"ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ื ืคืœื• ืžื”ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืžื—ื•ืกืจืช ื’"ืจ ืฉื‘ื”.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื—ืงืง ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื’ืœื™ืคื™ืŸย ืฉืจื•ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœื‘' ื—ืฆืื™ื ืžื›ื— ืกืœื™ืงืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”,ย ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ืŸย ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื‘' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืž"ื™ ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื“ืื•"ื™.ย ื—ืงืง ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื’ืœื™ืคื™ืŸย ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ืฉื ืคืœื• ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื ื—ืกืจื” ืžื”ื, ื›ื™ ืžืกื‘ืช ื—ืกืจื•ื ืŸ ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•ืœืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ื–"ื, ื•ื’' ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื›ื—"ื‘ ื—ืกืจื™ื ืžื”ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœื™. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ื’ื ื’"ืจ ื“ืื•ืจื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื™ื“) ื•ืื’ืœื™ืฃ ื’ื• ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ืกืชื™ืžื ื’ืœื™ืคื• ื“ื—ื“ ืฆื™ื•ืจื ืกืชื™ืžืื” ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื ืขืžื™ืงื ื“ื ืคื™ืง ืžื’ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ืืงืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื, ืขืžื™ืง ื•ืกืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื. ืœื ืืงืจื™ ืืœื ืžื™. ื‘ืขื ืœืืชื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืืชืงืจื™ ื‘ืฉืžื ื“ื, ื•ืืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื“ื ื”ื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ืจื ืืœื”, ื•ืกืœื™ืง ืืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื. ืืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ืŸ ื•ืืฉืชืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ืขื“ ืœื ื‘ืจื ืืœื” ืœื ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื‘ื• ื‘ืขื’ืœื. ืขืœ ืจื–ื ื“ื ื ืืžืจื• ืืœื” ืืœื”ื™ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื™ื“)ย ื•ืื’ืœื™ืฃ ื’ื• ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ืย ื•ื›ื•': ื•ื—ืงืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกืชื•ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืกืชื•ื ืื—ื“, ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืฉื”"ืก ื’"ืจ, ื•ื ืงืจืย ืž"ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“, ื”ื•ื ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืกืชื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื ืงืจื ืืœืย ืž"ื™ย ื“ืืœืงื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื—ืกืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœื”ย ืžื”ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื. ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ื–ื” ืืœืงื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืื™ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืจืย ืืœ"ื”, ื•ืขืœื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ื‘ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื, ืฉื ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืืœื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”, ื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืย ืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื‘ืจืย ืืœ"ื”, ืœื ืขืœื” ื‘ืฉืย ืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ืืœื• ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืขื’ืœ, ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ ื–ื”ย โ€‹ืืœ"ื”ย ืืœื”ื™ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœื™ืช ืž"ืŸ ืžืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ืžืฉืš ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืข"ื‘ ืก"ื’ ื“ื"ืง, ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืข"ื‘ ืก"ื’ ื“ื"ืง, ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘' ื”ื "ืœ, ื”ื‘ื•ืงืข ื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื, ืข"ื› ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ืžืฉืš ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืจืืฉ ื"ื, ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื”, ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™' ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘', ื•ื’' ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื–"ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื ืคืœื• ืžื”ืจืืฉ, ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจืืฉ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ืžื”ืŸ. ื•ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ืชื’ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื’' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืืœ ื”ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื ืฉืœื ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ื’ื ื’"ืจ ื“ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ื›ื—"ื‘ ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื : ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื—"ื‘ ื‘ืืœ"ื”, ืื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื•"ืŸ ื‘ื™"ื.

 

ื•ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืืœ"ื”ย ื”ื ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ืœืžื“ืจื’ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืืœ"ื”ย ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื—"ื‘, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื”ืคื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื "ืœ.ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื•ืื’ืœื™ืฃ ื’ื• ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ืกืชื™ืžื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื—ืงืง ืžืกืš ื•ืžืงื•ื ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ื”ื ืง' ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืงื“ื™ืฉื ืกืชื™ืžื.

 

ื•ื”ื™ืย ื’ืœื™ืคื• ื“ื—ื“ ืฆื™ื•ืจื ืกืชื™ืžืื” ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸย ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ืœื™ืคื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื—ื“ ืฆื™ื•ืจื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืข"ืก, ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืžืช ื’"ืจ ื”ื ืง' ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ืย ื“ื ืคืง ืžื’ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ืื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื“ืกืœืงื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื”ื ื” ืขืชื” ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ื ืคืง ืžื’ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ืื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืจืืฉ. ื•ืข"ื› ื’' ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื–"ื ื•ื ื•ืง' ืฉื”ืย ืืœ"ื”, ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืชื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉ, ื•ื ืฉืชืœื ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื ื” ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื“ื’"ืจ ื‘ืฉืย ืฆื™ื•ืจื ืกืชื™ืžืื”, ื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืืงืจื™ ืž"ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืข"ืค ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ย ืืœ"ื”ย ื‘ืž"ื™ย ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืฉืย ืืœื”ื™ืย ื›ื "ืœ, ืž"ืž ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืง' ืจืงย ืž"ื™ย ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืฉืœื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš.
ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืงื™ื™ืžื ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ื ื™ื ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื—ื–ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืคื” ื“ืจืืฉ, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื’"ืจ ื“ืื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ื ืฉืœื.

 

ืืžื ื ืžืฆื“ ื‘'ย ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืย ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื ื ื“ืฉืžื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืย ืขืžื™ืง ื•ืกืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ื ืขื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืืœ"ื”, ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ืฉืขืœื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื, ื›ื™ ืžื—ืžืช ืขืœื™ืชื ืœืจืืฉ ื"ื, ืฉืฉื ืžืื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ื”, ื”ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืืœื ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื–"ืช, ื•ื–"ืช ืฉืขืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื, ืข"ื› ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื”. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืย ืขืžื™ืง ื•ืกืชื™ืย ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื’' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœ"ื”. ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืžื” ื–ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™'ย ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืย ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸย ืืœ"ื”ย ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื–ื”ย ืœื ืืงืจื™ ืืœื ืžื™ย ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ืขื•ื“ ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื ื“ืืœื”ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืจืงย ืž"ื™.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื‘ืขื ืœืืชื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืืชืงืจื™ ื‘ืฉืžืย ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉืœื ื”ืฉื, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื• ืืœ"ื” ืœืจืืฉ, ื•ืขื›"ื– ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,ย ื‘ืขื ืœืืชื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืืชืงืจื™ ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื. ืืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื“ื ื”ื™ืจ. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืชื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืœ"ื”ย ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื“ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–"ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจ ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื›ื "ืœ. ืข"ื› ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื“ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื›ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื“ื"ื, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื“ื—ื›ืžื” ื ืชืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”, ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื”ย ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื“ื ื”ื™ืจย ืืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื“ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื–"ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืืœ"ื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืืžืจื•,ย ืืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื“ื ื”ื™ืจ.

ื•ื‘ืจื ืืœ"ื” ื•ืกืœื™ืง ืืœ"ื” ื‘ืฉืžื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ืฉืงื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ื ืง' ื‘ืจื™ืื”,ย ื‘ืจื ืืœื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืœืืœ"ื”, ื•ืขื™"ื›ย ืกืœื™ืง ืืœ"ื” ื‘ืฉืžืย ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ืžื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื• ื’ื ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืื– ื ื’ืœื•ย ืืœ"ื”ย ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื•ื ื‘ื—ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ื ืฉืชืœื ื•ื ืชื’ืœื” ืฉืžื ื“ืืœื”ื™ื.

 

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ืืชื—ื‘ืจืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ืŸย ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ืž"ื™ ื‘ืืœ"ื”. ื•ืืฉืชืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ืย ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืœ"ื” ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืคืืช ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื“ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,ย ื•ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื‘ืจื ืืœ"ื” ืœื ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžื˜ืจื ืฉื”ืž"ื™ย ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื”ื ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืœื ื”ื™ื•ย ืืœ"ื”ย ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœื•ื ืžืž"ื™ ื•ืœื ื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืœื”ื™ื ืืœืย ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื“ื—ื‘ื• ื‘ืขื’ืœืย ื•ื›ื•'ย ืืœื” ืืœื”ื™ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคื’ืžื• ื‘ื”ืื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื“ื ื”ื™ืจ ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ืž"ื™ย ื ืคืจื“ ืžืŸย ืืœ"ื”ย ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื•ย ืืœ"ื” ืืœื”ื™ืš, ื•ื™ืฆื ื”ืฉืคืข ืœืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื˜ื•) ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ืืฉืชืชืฃ ืžื™ ื‘ืืœื”, ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ื“ืืฉืชืชืฃ ืชื“ื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ืจื–ื ื“ื ืืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœืžื. ื•ืคืจื— ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ืœื ื—ืžื™ื ื ืœื™ื”. ื•ืžื ื™ื” ื™ื“ืขื ื ืžืœื” ื“ืื•ืงื™ืžื ื ืขืœ ืจื–ื ื•ืกืชืจื ื“ื™ืœื”. ืืชื ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื•ื›ืœื”ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืืฉืชื˜ื—ื• ืงืžื™ื”, ื‘ื›ื• ื•ืืžืจื•, ืืœืžืœื ืœื ืืชื™ื ื ืœืขืœืžื ืืœื ืœืžืฉืžืข ื“ื ื“ื™.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื˜ื•)ย ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ืืฉืชืชืฃย ื•ื›ื•': ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ย ืž"ื™ ื‘ืืœ"ื”ย ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉื ืืœืงื™ื, ืข"ื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ืฉื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืชืžื™ื“, ืข"ื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืื™ืจ. ื•ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืกื•"ื” ืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ ื™ื‘ื ื”. ื•ืืœื™ื”ื• ืคืจื—, ื•ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•. ื•ืžืžื ื• ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉืขืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื“ ื•ื”ืกืชืจ ืฉืœื•. ื‘ื ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉืชื˜ื—ื• ืœืคื ื™ื•. ื‘ื›ื• ื•ืืžืจื•, ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืœื ื•.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจย ื“ืœื ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ืย ืขื“ ื“ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื“ื ื”ื™ืจ ื•ืื– ืืฉืชืชืฃย ืž"ื™ ื‘ืืœ"ื”ย ื•ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ืย ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ื“ืืฉืชืชืฃ ืชื“ื™ืจย ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ืœืขื“ ืœื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™.ย ื•ื‘ืจื–ื ื“ื ืืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœืžื, ื’ื ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”ื ืง'ย ืž"ื”, ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃย ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืืœื”ย ื•ืืฉืชืœื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืžื• ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื‘ืืจ. ื•ื–ื”ื•, ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ืžืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืฉืืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”,ย ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื˜ื™ ืชืžืŸ ืž"ื”, ืž"ื” ื™ื“ืขืช ื•ื›ื•' ื”ื ื›ืœื ืกืชื™ื ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื, ืข"ืฉ. ื ืžืฆื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืœื ืืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื” ื›ืžื• ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ื‘ืจื–ื ื“ื ืืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœืžืย ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”. ื•ืข"ื› ืคืกืง ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืขื™ืœ. ื•ื”ื ื” ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืืœื ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื ืืœืงื™ื ื‘ืื•"ื ืœื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื™ืืจ ื›ืœื•ื, ืื™ืš ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืืœืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ืจ"ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืืžืจ.

 

ืžืืžืจ ืืžื ืื•ื–ื™ืคืช ืœื‘ืจืชื ืžื”ื ื”ื

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื˜ื–) ื"ืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื“ื, ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืืชื‘ืจื™ืื•, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืืจืื” ืฉืžื™ืš ืžืขืฉื” ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ืš ื•ื’ื•' ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืชื ื” ื”ื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืื™ื”ื• ืœืกืœืงื ื‘ืฉืžื. ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื ื ื”ื•ืจื ืœื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ืืชืœื‘ืฉ ื“ื ื‘ื“ื ื•ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ืขืœืื”. ื•ืขืœ ื“ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื. ื“ื ืืœื”ื™ื ืขืœืื”, ื“ื”ื ืžื” ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ืœื ืืชื‘ื ื™.

 

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื˜ื–)ย ื"ืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸย ื•ื›ื•': ืืจ"ืฉ, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ืื ื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ืž"ื”ย ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย โ€‹ื›ื™ ืืจืื” ืฉืžื™ืš ืžืขืฉื” ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ืš ื•ื’ื•'. ื•ืžืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย ืž"ื”ย ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืชื ื” ื”ื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ืฉื ืž"ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืงืจืืชย ืž"ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืœ ื–"ื. ื”ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ.ย ืž"ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืืœืงื™ื, ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื ืื•ืจ ืœืื•ืจื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ืืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ืฉืย ืž"ื™ย (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื™"ื“) ืฉืื– ื ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœืชื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืœืงื™ื. ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”. ืฉื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ื›ืœืœืช ื‘ื”. ื•ืข"ื›,ย โ€‹ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœืงื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืœืงื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืœื ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื›ื™ย ืž"ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ื›ืš ื•ืœื ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืž"ื™ ืืœ"ื”, ืฉืืžืจื ื•.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”,ย ืž"ื”ย ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ืข"ื› ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื™ื‘ืจืื• ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ ืข"ื™ ืž"ื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ, ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,ย ื•ืขืœ ื“ืย ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื’ื ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”ย ืž"ื”, ืืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื ืžืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”,ย ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืž"ื” ืืชื‘ืจื™ืื•ย ื”ื™ื” ื›ื— ืœืž"ื”ย ืœืืคื™ืง ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืืœื•ย ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ.

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืืฉืจ ืชื ื” ื”ื•ื“ืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื•, ืฉื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืžืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื“ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืืœ"ื”ย ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืžืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ื–"ื. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืื™ื”ื• ืœืกืœืงื ื‘ืฉืžื, ืฉื”ื”ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืขืœ ืœื–"ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ืฉื‘ื• ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืย โ€‹ืž"ื™ ื‘ืจื ืืœ"ื”. ื›ื "ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื”ื ื–"ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉืย ืž"ื™ย ืจืงย ืž"ื”. ื›ื "ืœ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื” ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื“ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ืคื™ืง ืžื’ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืขืฉื” ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื“ื•"ืง ืœื”ืžืฉื›ืช ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ืืชืœื‘ืฉ ืื•ืจ ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ืื–ย ืž"ื™ย ื ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืืœ"ื”. ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื ื ื”ื•ืจื ืœื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”ย ื•ืืชืœื‘ืฉ ื“ื ื‘ื“ื ื•ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ืขื™ืœืื”ย ื•ื ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืžืž"ื™ย ืœืืœ"ื”, ื•ืืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื• ื‘ืืœื• ื•ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื. ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื”ื•ืย ื‘ืฉืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ืžื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืย ืž"ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืย ืž"ื”.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืž"ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ืœื ืืชื‘ื ื™, ื›ื™ย ืž"ื™ย ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืขืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื' ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืœื‘ื“ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื ืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื” ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื” ืื•ืจ, ื•ื ืชืชืงื ื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื“ื”ื›ืื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•"ื—, ืื‘ืœ ื˜"ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื ืงื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฆืžืฆื ื”ื‘', ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืง ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืกืœื™ืง ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื, ื•ืื‘ื ืืชืชืงืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืจ ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืกืœื™ืง ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืžืื– ื ืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื” ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื ืชืชืงื ื” ื‘ืžืกืš ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื“ื”ื›ืื” ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•"ื—, ื›ื "ืœ. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืฆืžืฆื•ื, ื•ืžื” ืฉืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื•ื”ืžืกืš, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืœื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืง ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช.

 

ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืข"ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ืžืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื ืžืฉืš ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืข"ื‘ ืก"ื’ ื“ื"ืง, ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื”, ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื', ื•ื ืคืง ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื”. ืฉืข"ื™ ื–ื” ื ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืื•ืจ ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื”ย ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืืœ"ื”ย ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื“ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืž"ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืž"ื” ื”ื™ื ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืชืชื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”, ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื' ื•ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืืจืช ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื–"ืฉย ืž"ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ืœื ืืชื‘ื ื™, ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืž"ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื, ืข"ื™ ื“ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ืคื™ืง ืžื’ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืž"ื”.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื™ื–) ืืœื ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืืชืžืฉื›ืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืžืœืขื™ืœื ืœืชืชื, ื•ืืžื ืื•ื–ื™ืคืช ืœื‘ืจืชื ืžืื ื”ื, ื•ืงืฉื™ื˜ื ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื. ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ืงืฉื™ื˜ื ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื ื›ื“ืงื ื—ื–ื™. ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืืชื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืงืžื” ื›ืœ ื“ื›ื•ืจื, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”', ื•ื“ื ืืงืจื™ ืื“ื•ืŸ, ื›ื“"ื ื”ื ื” ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืคืงืช ื” ื•ืœื™ืขื™ืœืช ื™, ื•ืืชืงืฉื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืžืื ื™ ื“ื›ื•ืจื ืœืงื‘ืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื“ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

 

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื™ื–)ย ืืœื ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืืชืžืฉื›ืŸย ื•ื›ื•' : ืืœื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื•ย ืืœ"ื”ย ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืžืžืขืœื”, ืžื‘ื™ื ื”, ืœืžื˜ื”, ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืื ืžืฉืืœืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื” ืœื‘ืช ื•ืžืงืฉื˜ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื”. ืื– ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืช. ื•ืžืชื™ ืžืงืฉื˜ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™. ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœืคื ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื–ื›ืจ. ืฉืื– ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”,ย โ€‹ืืœ ืคื ื™ย ื”ืื“ื•ืŸย ื”'. ื›ื™ ืื– ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชย ืื“ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ,ย โ€‹ื”ื ื” ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืชย ืื“ื•ืŸย ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืงื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืžื”ืื ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื›ื™ ืื– ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื”'ย ืžืŸ ืž"ื” ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ื ื›ื ืกืชย ื™', ื•ื ืงืจืืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชย ืž"ื™ย ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ืžืชืงืฉื˜ืช ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื–ื›ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ื›ื "ืœ, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจย (ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ื™"ื’), ื“ืื—ืจย ื“ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืฉืย ื“ื"ืย ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ื ื•ื“ื ืกืœื™ืง ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื ืชืงื ื” ื‘ื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืจ ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื”ื ื” ืื–ย ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื“ื”"ืค ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื ืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจื• ื‘ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืชืจ ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื”, ื‘ื"ื ื•ืื•"ื ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ,ย ื•ื—ืงืง ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื’ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื›ื—ื” ื ืคืจื“ื• ื’' ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–"ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืžืชื—ืชื™ื”: ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื–"ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ื"ื ื ืคืœื• ืœืื•"ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื–"ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืื•"ื ื ืคืœื• ืœื–ื•"ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื–"ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ื–ื•"ืŸ ื ืคืœื• ืœื‘ื™"ืข. ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื ื‘ื”ืกื•ืœื, ืฉืืœื• ื‘' ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืชืจ ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื ืง'ย ืž"ื™. ื•ืืœื• ื’' ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืคืจื“ื• ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื”ืŸ ื ืง' ื’' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,ย ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืืชืžืฉื›ืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ ืืœ"ื” ืžืœืขื™ืœื ืœืชืชื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืช ื“ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืกืœืงื ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉืื– ื ืคืจื“ื• ื’' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ืžืื•"ื ื•ื ืคืœื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืžืชื—ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื›ื "ืœ. ื›ื™ ืื– ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉืืœ"ื”ย ื“ืื•"ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•"ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืžืœืขื™ืœื ืœืชืชื ื•ื ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ืชื•ืš ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื›ื™ย ืืœ"ื”ย ื“ืื‘ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉ"ืก ื ืžืฉืš ืœื–"ื. ื•ืืœ"ื”ย ื“ืืžื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื.
ื•ื–"ืฉ, ื•ืืžื ืื•ื–ื™ืคืช ืœื‘ืจืชื ืžืื ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื˜ื ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ืฉ, ืฉื ืžืฉืšย ื’ืœื™ืคื• ื“ื—ื“ ืฆื™ื•ืจื ืกืชื™ืžืื” ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื ืขืžื™ืงื ื“ื ืคื™ืง ืžื’ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”. ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ืฉื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ืคื™ืง ืžื’ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื”, ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ื’' ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื• ื’' ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื›ื—"ื‘ ื”ื ืง'ย ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.

 

ื•ืชื“ืข, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืืœ ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืขืžื”ื ื’ื ืื•"ื ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืขืœื• ื’ื ื”ื ืœืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ืฉื ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื"ื. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื•. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ื• ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื•ื ืคืœื• ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื• ืฉื”ื ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•"ื ืžืคื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”, ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ื"ื ืœื‘ื—ื™' ืื•"ื ืžืžืฉ. ื•ืข"ื› ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ื"ื ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื ื” ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืžื”ื ื’ื ื”ืื•"ื, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืฉืื•"ื ืขืœื• ืขืชื” ืขืžื”ื ืœืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื’"ื› ืฉื•ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ื”ื ืง'ย ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ.

ื•ืขื“"ื– ืžืžืฉ, ืขืœื• ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœืื•"ื, ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉืื•"ื ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ื ืคื™ืง ื’ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžื’ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืืœ ืžื“ืจื’ืชื ื“ืื•"ื ื›ื "ืœ ื‘ื"ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช, ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ืขืœื• ืœืื•"ื, ืœืงื—ื• ืขืžื”ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœืื•"ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸย ื“ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ืŸย ืืฉืจ ืฉื.
ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื•ืืžื ืื•ื–ื™ืคืช ืœื‘ืจืชื ืžืื ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื˜ื ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื’' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ื“ืืžื ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืŸย ื“ืืžื ืื•ื–ื™ืคืช ืœื‘ืจืชื ืžืื ื”ื, ื›ื™ ืขื™"ื– ืฉื’' ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ืฉื”ืย ืืœ"ื”, ื ืคืจื“ื• ืžืืžื ื•ื ืคืœื• ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ื ืขืฉื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ื•ืง' ืžืžืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื•.

 

ื•ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉืืžื ื”ืฉืื™ืœื” ื›ืœื™ื ืืœ"ื” ืฉืœื” ืœื‘ืจืชื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืขืžื”ื ื”ื ื•ืง'. ื•ืขื ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื’"ื› ื“ืงืฉื™ื˜ ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขืช ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืฉื’' ื”ื›ืœื™ืย ืืœ"ื”ย ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ืืžื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืืžื, ื”ื ื” ืื– ืขื•ืœื” ืขืžื”ื ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืœืืžื, ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ืื– ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžื, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขืชื”, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืฉืืžื ืื•ื–ื™ืคืช ืžืื ื”ืย ืืœ"ื”ย ืœื‘ืจืชื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืข"ื› ืงืฉื™ื˜ ืœื”, ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ืžืชืงืฉื˜ืช ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ืืžื.

ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ืงืฉื™ื˜ื ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื ื›ื“ืงื ื—ื–ื™, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘' ืžื™ื ื™ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืืžื ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ: ืื• ืžืืžื ืชืชืื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžื—ื–ื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื“ื"ื, ืื• ืžืืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžื—ื–ื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื“ื"ื. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืงืฉื˜ืช ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื ื“ื™ืœื”, ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ื›ื“ืงื ื—ื–ื™, ืžืฉื•ื, ืฉืื– ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืžื˜ืจื ืขืœื™ืช ืž"ืŸ ื›ื "ืœย (ืื•ืช ื—' ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื ืš), ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ื“ืงื ื—ื–ื™. ืืœื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื“ื"ื, ื•ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ืžืงืฉื˜ืช ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื”, ืื– ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื“ืงื ื—ื–ื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš.

ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืืชื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืงืžื” ื›ืœ ื“ื›ื•ืจืย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื•ื“ื ืืงืจื™ ืื“ื•ืŸ: ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื”. ื”ื ื” ืื– ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื›ื“ืงื ื—ื–ื™, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ืื– ื ื‘ื—ืŸ, ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืŸ ื–"ื ืฉืขืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื‘ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ื•ืงื‘ื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืœืžืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืขื•ื“ ืœืฉืืœื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืž"ืŸ, ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื“ื›ื•ืจื, ื•ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื ื”.

ื•ื–"ืฉย ื‘ืฉืขืชื ื“ืืชื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืงืžื” ื›ืœ ื“ื›ื•ืจื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืจืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื ื”.ย ื•ื“ื ืืงืจื™ ืื“ื•ืŸย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื– ืื™ื ื” ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืฉื ืื“ื "ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื ืงื‘ื”, ืืœื ื‘ืฉื ืื“ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื” ืขื•ื“, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ืช ืž"ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”, ื•ืข"ื› ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื–ื›ืจ. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื”ื ื” ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ: ืืจื•ืŸ ื ืง' ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื ื”ื ืง' ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื”. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื›ื ื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืฉืย ืื“ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืคืงืช ื”' ื•ืืขื™ืœืช ื™': ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ื”' ื“ืž"ื”ย ื ืคืงืช ืžืžื ื”, ื›ื™ย ื”'ย ื–ื• ื“ืž"ื”ย ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื”ย ืž"ื” ื™ื“ืขืชย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื”ื ื›ืœื ืกืชื™ื ื›ื“ืงื“ืžื™ืชื, ืข"ืฉ. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”' ื“ืž"ื”ย ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”. ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื”'ย ื–ื• ื“ืž"ื”ย ื ืคืงืช ืžืžื ื” ื•ืืขื™ืœืชย ื™'ย ื‘ืžืงื•ืย ื”'ย ื•ื ืง'ย ืž"ื™ย ื›ืžื• ืืžื. ื•ืื– ืืชื‘ื ื™ืืช ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืžื.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื™ื—) ื•ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืœื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืขื™ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืชืจ ื“ื : ืืœื” ืื–ื›ืจื”, ืื“ื›ืจื ื ื‘ืคื•ืžืื™, ื•ืฉืคื™ื›ื ื ื“ืžืขืื™ ื‘ืจืขื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืœืืžืฉื›ื ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืื“ื“ื ืžืขื™ืœื ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื”ื™ื, ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื™ืœื™ื”. ื•ื‘ืžืื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื” ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื’ื’. ื"ืจ ืืœืขื–ืจ, ืฉืชื™ืงื ื“ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื ื” ืžืงื“ืฉื ืœืขื™ืœื, ื•ื‘ื ื” ืžืงื“ืฉื ืœืชืชื. ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืœื” ื‘ืกืœืข, ืžืฉืชื•ืงื ื‘ืชืจื™ืŸ. ืžืœื” ื‘ืกืœืข, ืžื” ื“ืืžืจื ื ื•ืืชืขืจื ื ื‘ื™ื”, ืžืฉืชื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื ืžื” ื“ืฉืชื™ืงื ื, ื“ืื‘ืจื• ื•ืื™ื‘ื ื• ืชืจื™ืŸ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื™ื—)ย ื•ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื ื™ืŸย ื•ื›ื•' : ื•ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ืืœ"ื”, ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”. ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืขืชื” ื‘ืฉื ืž"ื™ ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”.ย โ€‹ืืœ"ื” ืื–ื›ืจื”. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื”ื ื ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ื‘ืคื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืืœ"ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ืื–ย ืื“ื“ืย ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื”,ย ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœืงื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืงืจืืช ืืœืงื™ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืืœืงื™ื.

 

ื•ื‘ืžื” ืืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืชืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ื ื•,ย ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื” ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื’ื’. ื"ืจ ืืœืขื–ืจ, ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™, ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืžืœื” ื‘ืกืœืข, ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื. ืžืœื” ื‘ืกืœืข, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืขื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื•. ืฉืชื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืฉืฉืชืงืชื™, ืฉืฉื•ื” ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื ื‘ืจืื• ื•ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘' ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ืื ืœื ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืžืœื“ื‘ืจย (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื™"ื)ย ืœื ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘' ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืืœื•.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื—ืจ ื“ื ืคืงืชย ื”'ย ืžืž"ื”ย ื•ืืขื™ืœืชย ื™'ย ืืœ ื”ืž'ย ื•ื ืง'ย ืž"ื™ย ืื– ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืข"ื™ ืขืœื™ืช ืž"ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืชืจ ื“ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ืž"ื™, ื•ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืกืœืงื ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื“ืืœ"ื”ย ื“ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืœืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืœืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ืชื•"ืž ื“ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœ"ื”, ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืจืืฉ ื“ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืžื”ื ื’ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœ"ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืขืžื”ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื“ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื›ื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื•.ย (

 

ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื™"ื– ื“"ื” ื•ื–"ืฉ ื•ืืžื). ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื ื™ืŸย ื•ื›ื•'ย ืืœ"ื” ืื–ื›ืจื”ย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืœืืžืฉื›ื ืืชื•ื•ืŸ, ื”"ืก ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ืž"ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ื“ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืืœ"ื” ืื–ื›ืจื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืชื, ืœื›ืŸย ืื“ื›ืจื ื ื‘ืคื•ืžืื™ ื•ืฉืคื™ื›ื ื ื“ืžืขืื™ ื‘ืจืขื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืชืคืœื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืจื™ืงื, ื•ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืขืœื” ื”ืž"ืŸย ืื“ื“ื ืžืขื™ืœืย ืืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ืžืขื™ืœื, ืžืื•"ื, ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืฉื ืง'ย ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื”ื™"ื, ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืืœืงื™ื ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื™ืœื™ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืืžื.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืžืœื” ื‘ืกืœืข ืžืฉืชื•ืงื ื‘ืชืจื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืžืืžืจ ื“ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ืขืœื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืขื“ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื—ื–ื” ื“ื"ื, ืฉืื– ืขื•ื“ ื ืง' ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื”, ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื ืง'ย ืกืœืข. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืžืœื” ื‘ืกืœืข. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื” ื“ืฉืชื™ืง ืจ"ื ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืจ"ืฉ ืฉื™ื’ืœื” ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืขืœื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืœืืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ื”ืจื™ ื ื‘ื ื• ืชืจื™ืŸ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื›ื”ื“ื. ื›ื™ ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืื—ื“ ืขื ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ื•ื–"ืฉย ืžืฉืชื•ืงื ื‘ืชืจื™ืŸ, ื“ืื‘ืจื• ื•ืื‘ื ื• ืชืจื™ืŸ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื. ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืขืœืชื” ืœืืžื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื“ื›ืจ ื›ืžื• ืืžื ืขืœืื”.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื™ื˜) ืืžืจ ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืœืื” ืฉืœื™ืžื• ื“ืงืจื, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืื, ืชืจื™ืŸ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ืŸ, ื“ืื™ืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืจืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื•, ื—ื“ ื“ื ื“ืืชืžืจ ืžื”, ื•ื—ื“ ืžื™, ื“ื ืขืœืื”, ื•ื“ื ืชืชืื”: ื“ื ืขืœืื” ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืื, ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื, ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ืืฉืชืžื•ื“ืข ื•ืœื™ืช ื›ื•ื•ืชื™ื”. ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื, ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื, ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ืืฉืชืžื•ื“ืข, ื“ื ื“ืจื’ื ืชืชืื”, ื•ื›ืœื ื—ื“. ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื ื•ืืคื™ืงื• ื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื ื.

 

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื™ื˜)ย ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸย ื•ื•': ืืจ"ืฉ, ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืœืื”, ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจื, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘,ย โ€‹ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืื. ื›ื™ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื”. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช, ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ย ืž"ื”, ื•ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ืย ืž"ื™. ื–ื” ืž"ื™, ื”ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื–ื•, ืž"ื”, ื”ื™ื ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืจื•ืฉืžืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืื, ืืฉืจย ื”'ย ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœย ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื•ื“ืขืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืž"ื™. ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื”,ย โ€‹ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ,ื”ื ื” ื”' ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื•ื“ืขืช, ืฉื–ื• ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืž"ื”. ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืž"ื™ ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืž"ื” ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื ื”ื ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืกืคืจ.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืจืžื– ืœื ื•, ื‘ืฉืื• ืžืจื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื•ืจืื•ย ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืจืย ืืœ"ื”, ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื›ืช ืžืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืŸ ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ืžืงืฉื˜ืช ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื”, ื›ื "ืœ, ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžืœื ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืื ืœื›ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงืจื ืžืจื•ื‘ ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืžื™ืฅ ื›ื— ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ. ื›ืžื• ืฉืจ"ืฉ ืžื‘ืืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืชืจื™ืŸ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืจืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื•, ืจืฉื™ื ืคื™' ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื”' ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”. ืฉื‘' ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ืชย ืž"ื™ย ื•ืžื“ืจื’ืชย ืž"ื”, ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœืช ืข"ื™ ืขืœื™ืชื” ื•ื”ืœื‘ืฉืชื” ืœืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ืฉืื– ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื›ืžื• ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงืจืืชย ืž"ื™, ื›ื™ ืืคืงืชย ื”' ื“ืž"ื”ย ื•ืืขืœื™ืชย ื™'ย ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื”, ื•ื ืงืจืืช ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ืย ืž"ื™ย ื›ืขืœืžื ืขืœืื”, ื“ืืชืงืฉื˜ืช ื‘ืžืื ื™ ื“ื›ื•ืจื, ื›ื "ืœ. ืืžื ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ืชื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉื”ื™ืย ืž"ื”ย ื ื—ืกืจืช ืžืžื ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืž"ื”ย ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ื›ืžืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ืืฉืจ ื“ืจื’ื ื“ืž"ื™ย ืืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื™' ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืฉืย ืž"ื”ย ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ืชื—ืกืจ ื—ื“ ื“ืจื’ื ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืขืœืื” ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืืย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื“ืจื’ื ื“ืž"ื™ย ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื™ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ืขืœื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืื. ื›ื™ ื”' ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืื•"ื ืขืœืื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ื‘ื”ื™' ื”ืงืฉื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืื ื™ ื“ื›ื•ืจื ื”ื "ืœ, ื“ืืคื™ืง ื”' ื•ืขื™ื™ืœย ื™'. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื, ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ืืฉืชืžื•ื“ืข ื•ืœื™ืช ื›ื•ื•ืชื™ื”ย ื›ื™ ืืœื• ื”ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื’ื‘ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืชื ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื“ื ื“ืจื’ื ืชืชืื” ื•ื›ืœื ื—ื“: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื’ื ื”' ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ืืฉืชืžื•ื“ืข, ืืœื ื”ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื•ืืฉืชืžื•ื“ืขื™ืช ื‘ื”ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ืจื’ื ื“ืž"ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืจ"ื ืœืžืขืœื”. ื›ื™ ื’ื ื“ืจื’ื ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ื›ืœื ื—ื“ย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ, ืž"ื™ ื•ืž"ื”, ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื—ื“: ื–ื• ืขืœืื”, ื•ื–ื• ืชืชืื”.

ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืž"ืฉย ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืคืจืฉืช ืชืจื•ืžื” (ืื•ืช ืชืฉืข"ื), ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”' ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืขืœืžื ืชืชืื” ื“ืืชื’ืœื™ื ื™ืชื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”. ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื’ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื, ื•ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื ืœื” ืขื™ืœืื”, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื, ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื’ืช ืž"ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืชื” ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืœื‘ืฉืช ืืช ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื ืœื” ืขื™ืœืื”, ื•ืœืžื“ืจื’ืชย ืž"ื”ย ืฉืœ ืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื’ืœื™ื ืงื•ืจื ืชืชืื”. ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื•ืž"ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจื–ื ื“ืขืœืžื ืขืœืื”, ืกืชื™ืจื ืืกืชืชืจื ื”' ืžืชืžืŸ: ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื, ื‘ืขืช ืฉืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื’ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืœื‘ืฉืช ืœืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ืฉืื– ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื, ื•ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืื™ืจื” ืœืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ื ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”' ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ื›ื™ ื ืกืชืจ ื”ื•ื. ืขืฉ"ื”.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืŸ, ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื, ื•ืืคื™ืงื• ื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื: ืžืกืคืจ, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช. ื‘ืกื•"ื”ย โ€‹ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœ ื•ื›ื•' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื˜), ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจย (ืชืจื•ืžื” ืื•ืช ืงืค"ื”)ย ืžืื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื ื“ื ื”ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืฆื™ืฆื• ื“ื ื”ื•ืจื ืขื™ืœืื”, ื•ืกืœื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื ื“ื›ืœื™ืœ ื‘ื ื”ื™ืจื• ื“ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืขื™ืœืื” ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืกืœืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื ื”ื™ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื”ื™ืจื• ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื ืฆืฆื™ ื‘ื ืฆื™ืฆื• ืฉืœื™ื. ื•ื›ื•' ืขืฉ"ื”. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืกืคืจ, ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื ื‘ื—ื ืช, ืœื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืื• ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืง'ย ืžืกืคืจ.

ื•ืชื“ืข ื“ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื”ื–"ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืื•ืชื ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื”ื•ื ืกื•"ื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœ ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”"ืก ื–"ื, ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœ, ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ื” ื“ื–"ื, ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ื”ื ืฉืคืข ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ. ื•ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืœืกื•ื“ ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื, ื›ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื“ื–"ื ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช, ื“ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืœืžืื•ืช, ื“ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ืœืืœืคื™ื, ื•ื“ื"ื ืœืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื‘' ื”ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช, ืื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ืขืฆืžื, ืฉืื– ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืœืืœืคื™ื. ืื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื›ืžื”, ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ืฉืื– ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืœืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ืืœื ืจืง ืœื•"ืง ื“ื"ื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืคื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื“ื"ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื”ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™' ื•"ืง ื“ื"ื,ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื•"ืง ื”ื ืฉืฉื™ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื”"ืก ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื.

 

ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืœื‘ืฉืช ืœืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ืฉื”ื ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื: ืฉืฉื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ื•"ืง, ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื” ื’ื ืื– ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ืจื‘ื•ื ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื“ื"ื, ื”ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืื•"ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชื•ืš ื”ื•"ืง ืฉืœื•, ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•"ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื.
ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,ย ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ื›ื—ื“ื, ื•ืืคื™ืงื• ื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ืย ื›ื™ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ื“ื‘' ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸย ืž"ื™ย ื•ืž"ื”ย ืจืฉื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืืฉืจย ืž"ื™ย ื”"ืก ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื–ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”. ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืกื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื. ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืชย ืž"ื”ย ืฉื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื”"ืก ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืฉืืœื” ืž"ื”, ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”"ืก ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”, ื•ืืœื• ื‘' ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸย ืž"ื™ย ื•ืž"ื”ย ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื—ื“, ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื–ื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœื‘ืฉืช ืœืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื—ื–ื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœื‘ืฉืช ืœื™ืฉืกื•"ืช.

 

ื•ื”ื ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื”, ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ื›ืœื ื—ื“, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืง' ืืœื• ื‘' ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”ย ืž"ื™ย ืฉื‘ื”, ื”"ืก ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ืย ื•ืžืฆื“ ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื” ืž"ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ืืคื™ืงื• ื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ืย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืžืกืคืจ ืžืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืžื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ.

ื•ืฉืžื ืชืืžืจ, ื"ื› ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืกืคืจ. ืœื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจย ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื ื•ืืคื™ืงื• ื—ื™ืœื™ืŸย ื•ื›ื•', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื“ืืœื• ื‘' ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”, ืฉื”ืŸ: ืžืกืคืจ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ื”ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ื—ื“ื, ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™' ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืข"ื› ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื‘' ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื: ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื, ื•ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘' ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ, ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ืœืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื ื›ืœื•ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ.

ื•ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืคืจื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื” ื“ื–ืจืข ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื” ืž"ื”, ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ืœื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ. ืฉื–"ืก ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ย โ€‹ื”ื‘ื˜ ื ื ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื” ื•ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ื›ื‘ื™ื ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืื•ืชื, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ื›ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจืขืš (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜"ื•), ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ื‘ืื” ืจืง ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉืย ืž"ื”. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืžืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸย ืž"ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืŸย ืž"ื”ย ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ,ย ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›) ืœื›ืœื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงืจื. ืžืื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงืจื. ืื™ ืชื™ืžื ื“ืงืจื ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื”ืชื”ื•ืŸ, ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื, ื“ื"ื› ื‘ืฉืžื• ืžื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ื”. ืืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื“ื“ืจื’ื ื“ื ืœื ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ื•ืืงืจื™ ืžื™, ืœื ืื•ืœื™ื“ ื•ืœื ืืคื™ืง ื˜ืžื™ืจื™ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื ื™ื”, ืืข"ื’ ื“ื›ืœื”ื• ื”ื•ื• ื˜ืžื™ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื ืืœื”, ื•ืืกืชืœืง ื‘ืฉืžื™ื”, ื•ืืงืจื™ ืืœื”ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื ื“ืฉืžื ื“ื, ืืคื™ืง ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•, ื•ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงืจื, ื‘ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื“ื™ืœื™ื”, ืงืจื ื•ืืคื™ืง ื›ืœ ื–ื™ื ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื ืœืืชืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”. ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื ืจืื” ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืฉื: ืื“ื›ืจื ื ืฉืžื™ ืœืืชืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืืฉืœืžื•ืชื™ื”.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›)ย ืœื›ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ืŸย ื•ื›ื•': ืœื›ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื ืืœื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืกืคืจ,ย ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงืจื. ืžื”ื•, ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงืจื. ืื ืชืืžืจ, ืฉืงื•ืจื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉืžื• ื™ืงืจื. ืืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืืœืงื™ื, ืืœื ื ืงืจืืชย ืž"ื™ย (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื™"ื“)ย ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืœื™ื“ื”, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื”, ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืืข"ืค ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืข"ืค ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœ"ื”, ืืœื ืฉืขื•ื“ ื”ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ืฉืื– ื”ืŸ ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืืœืงื™ืย (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื™"ื“ ื‘ื”ืกื•ืœื)ย ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”, ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื“ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ืฉืื– ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœ"ื” ืขื ืž"ื™, ื•ื ืงืจืย ืืœื”ื™ื, ื›ื "ืœ.

 

ืื– ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื•ื–ื”ื•ย ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงืจื, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ืฉืœื• ืงืจื ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื•. ื•ืื– ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ืืย โ€‹ืœื›ื•ืœืย ื‘ืฉืย ื™ืงืจื. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฉืœื ืืœืงื™ื. ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย โ€‹ืจืื” ืงืจืืชื™ย ื‘ืฉื, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ืื ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืงื™ื•ืžื•.
ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื›ื "ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืžื•ืš, ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”"ืก ืฉืžื ื“ืืœื”ื™ื, ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื‘' ื“ืจื’ื•ืชื™ื” ื›ื—ื“ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ืช ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ืฉื‘ื”. ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื, ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื. ืฉืขืœ ื–ื” ืจื•ืžื– ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย ืœื›ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงืจื.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืž"ื™ ืœื ืื•ืœื™ื“ย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื ืืœื”ย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื‘ื—ื™ืœื ื“ืฉืžื ื“ื ืืคื™ืง ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ย ื›ื™ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš, ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื–ืจืข ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืฉืย ืž"ื”ย ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื. ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื”ืืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”. ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉื ื”ืฉืœื, ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช. ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ืžืฉื ืž"ื”, ื”ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื“. ื•ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœืจ"ืฉ, ืฉื”ืืจืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืงืจ ื“ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ืฉืžื˜ืจื ื–ื”, ืืข"ืค ืฉืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืืœ"ื”ย ืขืœื• ืœืž"ื™, ืž"ืž ืœื ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžืย ืืœื”ื™"ื, ืฉื–"ืกย ืž"ื™ย ื‘ืจืย ืืœ"ื”, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื“ื‘ืจื ื ื”ื•ืจื ื“ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื“ื—ื›ืžื”,ย ื•ืืชืœื‘ืฉ ื“ื ื‘ื“ื, ื•ืกืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื ืขื™ืœืื”.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื›ืืŸ :ย ืž"ื™ ืœื ืื•ืœื™ื“ ื•ืœื ืืคื™ืง ื˜ืžื™ืจื™ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื ื™ื” ืืข"ื’ ื“ื›ืœื”ื• ื”ื•ื• ื˜ืžื™ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื "ืœ, ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ื›ื‘ืจย ื ืคื™ืงย ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”ย ืžื’ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”ย ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื’ืœื™ืคื• ื“ื—ื“ ืฆื™ื•ืจื ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื’ื”"ืจ ื“ืื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืขื›"ื– ื›ืœื ื˜ืžื™ืจื ื‘ื™ื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืฉืืจื™ืย ืืœ"ื” ืขืžื™ืง ื•ืกืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื, ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืืจืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื. ืืœืย ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื ืืœ"ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ืขืœ ืžืกืš ื“ืž"ื”ย ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”, ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืงื•ืžืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ื ืง'ย ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ื•ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืื•ืชื” ืœืืœ"ื”, ืฉื”"ืกย ื‘ืจื ืืœ"ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ื ืง'ย ื‘ืจืย ื”ื ื” ืื–ย ื•ืืกืชืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžื™ื” ื•ืืงืจื™ ืืœื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืงื•ืžืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืืจืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื, ื•ืื– ืืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ืŸ ื•ืืกืชืœืง ื‘ืฉืžื™ื” ื•ืืงืจื™ ืืœืงื™ื

 

 

.ย ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื ื“ืฉืžื ื“ื ืืคื™ืง ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•, ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื, ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ื.ย ื•ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ืงืจืย ืฉื”ืฉื ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชย ื‘ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื“ื™ืœื™ื” ืงืจื ื•ืืคื™ืง ื›ืœ ื–ื™ื ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื ืœืืชืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉื‘ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืŸย ื“ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืย ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืŸย ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืชืœื‘ืฉื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื. ื•ืž"ืฉ ืจืื” ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื•ื›ื•' : ืžื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืฉื, ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช.

ืžืืžืจ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ืกื‘ื

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›ื) ืžืจื•ื‘ ืื•ื ื™ื, ืžืื™ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืื•ื ื™ื. ื“ื ืจื™ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ, ื“ืกืœื™ืงื• ื‘ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืจืขื•ืชื™ืŸ ื•ืืกืชืœืงื• ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืืจื— ืกืชื™ื. ื•ืืžื™ืฅ ื›ื—, ื“ื ืจื–ื ื“ืขืœืžื ืขืœืื”,ื“ืืกืชืœืง ื‘ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ื“ืงืืžืจืŸ. ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ, ืžืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืืคื™ืง ื‘ื—ื™ืœื ื“ืฉืžื, ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื“ืžื™ืชื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืชืขื ืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื”ื•, ืืชืžื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืืขื“ืจ ืžืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื“, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœื ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื ื—ื“ื: ื›ืžื” ื“ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ ืœืขื™ืœื, ืื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ ืœืชืชื.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›ื)ย โ€‹ืžืจื•ื‘ ืื•ื ื™ื: ืฉื•ืืœ, ืžื”ื•, ืžืจื•ื‘ ืื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘, ื–ื”ื• ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืžืชืขืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืกืชื•ื.ย ื•ืืžื™ืฅ ื›ื—, ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ืงืจื ืž"ื™, ืฉื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืฉืย ืืœืงื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื•.ย ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื•ืชื ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ื— ื”ืฉื ื”ื–ื”. ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ ืžืžืกืคืจ ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื, ืข"ื› ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืชื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ืขื ืฉื• ื‘ื—ื˜ืื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื ืžื ื• ืื—"ื›, ื•ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ ืžืืœื• ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื ืืฃ ืื—ื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ ืžืžืกืคืจ ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ื, ืœืžืขืœื”, ื›ืš ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ ืื™ืฉ ืžืžืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืœืžื˜ื”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,ย ืžืจื•ื‘ ืื•ื ื™ื, ืจื•ืžื– ืœื›ืชืจ ื“ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ืย ืจื™ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸย ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื”"ืก ื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ื"ื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื›ืชืจ ืœืื•"ื, ืฉืฉืย ืกืœื™ืงื• ื“ื›ืœ ืจืขื•ืชื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืžื ื”. ื•ืขื›"ื–ย ื•ืืกืชืœืงื• ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืืจื— ืกืชื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”"ืก ืื•ื™ืจื ื“ืœื ืืชื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™' ืœื ื ืคื™ืง ืžืื•ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืœื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื”ื•ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชย (ื›ื "ืœ ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœื ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื•ื)ย ื•ืข"ื› ื ืง' ืื•ื™ืจื ื“ื›ื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืžื™ืขื ื•, ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™' ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”, ืฉื”ื™ืย ืž"ื”, ืž"ืž ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ื"ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉื”ืŸ ืื•"ื ื•ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ื’ื ืงื•ืžืช ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื•ื™ืจื ื“ื›ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ื"ื.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืืžื™ืฅ ื›ื—, ื“ื ืจื–ื ื“ืขืœืžื ืขืœืื”: ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืž"ื™ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉืžืฉื ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื. ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืœื‘ืฉืช ืœืขืœืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ, ืžืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืืคื™ืง ื‘ื—ื™ืœื ื“ืฉืžื, ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ืžืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื, ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื›ืžื ื“ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ ืœืขื™ืœื ืื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ ืœืชืชื: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืœืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ืืžื, ืื•ื–ื™ืคืช ืœื‘ืจืชื ืžืื ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื˜ ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื, ื›ื "ืœ, ืข"ื› ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืžื• ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืชื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื. ื•ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ, ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ืขื“ืจ.

 

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›ื‘) ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ืกื‘ื ืืžืจ, ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคื•ื›ื, ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื ื•ืœื‘ืชืจ ื‘, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื, ืœื‘ืชืจ ื ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื ื•ืœื‘ืชืจ ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช. ืืœื ื›ื“ ื‘ืขื ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ืขืœืžื ื›ืœ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื• ืกืชื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืชืจื™ืŸ ืืœืคื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื‘ืจื ืขืœืžื, ื”ื•ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ื”ื•.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›ื‘)ย ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ืย ื•ื›ื•' :ย โ€‹ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ืกื‘ื ืืžืจ, ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื ืืœืงื™ื ืืช, ืกื“ืจ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืคืš. ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ย ื‘'ย ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืšย ื‘', ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื. ื•ืื—"ื› ื›ืชื•ื‘ย ื'ย ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืšย ื', ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ืืœืงื™ื ืืช. ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช. ื•ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžื˜ืจื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฉื”, ื) ืœืžื” ื‘ืื•ย ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื"ื‘ ื‘ื”ืคื•ื›ืย ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘' ื•ืื—"ื› ื'. ื‘) ืœืžื” ื ื›ืคืœื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘' ื‘ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื“ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืชย ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื, ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘' ืืœืคื™ืŸ ื“ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืชย ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช.
ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘,ย ื›ื“ ื‘ืขื ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ืขืœืžื, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ืง' ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื•"ืŸ, ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช,ย ืกืชื™ืžื™ืŸย ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ื”"ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืื•"ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื“ืขื™ื.

 

ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ืง' ื‘' ืืœืคื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื˜ืจื ื“ื‘ืจื ืขืœืžื, ื”ื™ื• ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ื–ื•"ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ื‘, ืข"ื› ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื–ื• ื“ื–ื•"ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•"ื‘, ืืฉืจย ื‘' ืืœืคื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืŸ, ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื‘ืจื ืขืœืžื, ื”ื•ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ื”ื•, ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ื™ื• ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืž"ืŸ ื‘ื”ื‘' ืืœืคื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ื—ื•"ื‘, ื•ื”ืž"ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื–"ืฉ, ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืž"ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•"ื‘ย ื”ื•ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ื”ื•.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›ื’) ื›ื“ ื‘ืขื ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื, ืืชื• ื›ืœ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืงืžื™ื” ืžืกื•ืคื ืืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื”ื•.ืฉืจื™ืืช ืืช ืช ืœืžื™ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื, ืืžืจื”, ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ: ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ืื ื ื—ื•ืชืžื ื“ื’ื•ืฉืคื ืงื ื“ื™ืœืš, ืืžืช, ื•ืืช ืืชืงืจื™ืืช ืืžืช, ื™ืื•ืช ืœืžืœื›ื ืœืžืฉืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืช ืืžืช, ื•ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื. ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืื•ืช ืื ืช ื•ื–ื›ืื” ืื ืช, ืืœื ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ืŸ, ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžื ื•ืขื“ ืช, ื•ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื• ื“ื™ืœืš ื™ืžื•ืชื•ืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ื“ืื ืช ื—ื•ืชืžื ื“ืžื•ืช, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื ืช ื›ืš, ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื. ืžื™ื“ ื ืคืงืช.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›ื’)ย ื›ื“ ื‘ืขื ืœืžื‘ืจื™ย ื•ื›ื•': ื›ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื• ืžืกื•ืคืŸ ืœืจืืฉืŸ, ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชย ืช'ย ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืืžืจื” ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื: ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš, ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ืžืœื” ืืžืช. ื•ืืชื” ื ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ืืžืช. ื™ืคื” ืœืžืœืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืช ืืžืช, ื•ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” : ื™ืคื” ืืช, ื•ื™ืฉืจื” ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸย ื'ย ืขื“ย ืช',ย โ€‹ื•ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืชืš ื™ืžื•ืชื• (ื›ืž"ืฉ ืฉื‘ืช ื "ื”.) ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืืช ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืช'ย ื”ื™ื ืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืœื” ืžื•ืช. ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืช ื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืžื™ื“ ื™ืฆืื”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ื ืง' ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืชื, ื‘ืื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ื–ื•"ืŸ ืงืžื™ื” ื“ืงื‘"ื”, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืช'ย ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื•ืคื ื“ื›ืœื”ื• ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื'ย ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื™ืฉื ื“ื›ืœื”ื• ืืชื•ื•ืŸ. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืชืŸ ืžืกื•ืคื ืืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื”ื• ื•ืœื ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ ื‘ื"ื‘, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืž"ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืชืฉืจ"ืง ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืกื“ืจ ืื‘"ื’ ื‘ืกื“ืจืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืž"ื“, ืฉื”ื ืžืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืž"ืŸ, ืกื“ืจืŸ ื”ืคื•ืš ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื”ืž"ื“, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”.ย (ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื–"ื— ืฉื”"ืฉ ืื•ืช ืจืค"ื“).

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืขืžื•ืง ืžื›ืœ ืขืžื•ืง, ื•ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืืคืก ืžื”, ืืชืŸ ืœืš ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืงืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื•ื”ื•ื: ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื•ืงื™ื•ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœื’ืžื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื ื‘ืจื. ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืืœื”ื™ื. ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืขืฉื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื— ืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ืก"ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื“' ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืื‘ื™"ืข ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื“' ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืื‘ื™"ืข ื“ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขืฉื™ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืœืงื™ื ืœืœื ืขื‘ื“ื•, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœื˜ื•ืžืื”ย (ืข"ื— ืฉ' ืž"ื’ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”)ย ื•ืœืคื™"ื– ืงืฉื” ืžืื“, ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืš ื ื“ืข ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœื˜ื•ืžืื”.

 

ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“, ื•ื”ื•ื: ื›ื™ ืืœ ืื—ืจ ืืกืชืจืก ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืคื™ืจื™, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืื‘ื™"ืข ื“ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื”ื ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื ืกืชืžื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื•ื”ืคื•ื›ื• ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื”ื,ย ื›ืขืฅ ืฉืชื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคืœื’ื™ ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืคืจื™ื• ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืชื• ื•ืขืœื”ื• ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ื™ืฆืœื™ื—. (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื') ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืฉื™ื”, ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืื• ื—"ื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš. ื•ื–"ืก ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย โ€‹ื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื ื ื‘ื–ืืช ืืžืจ ื”' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช, ืื ืœื ืืคืชื— ืœื›ื ืืช ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื™ืงื•ืชื™ ืœื›ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขื“ ื‘ืœื™ ื“ื™. ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย ื•ืฉื‘ืชื ื•ืจืื™ืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœืจืฉืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืœื ืขื‘ื“ื•. (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’'). ื”ืจื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืœื ืขื‘ื“ื•, ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ื™ ืข"ื› ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื ื ื‘ื–ืืช.

ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ืื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ืชื—ืกืจ, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ืžื“ืจื’ืชื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื›"ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“' ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืื‘ื™"ืข, ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ืžืขืœืช ืžื“ืจื’ืชื”, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื“ืจื’ืชื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืจืฆื”. ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื ื’ื“ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ื— ื’ื ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื’ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืื” ื”ื‘', ืฉื”ื•ืจืืช ืžื“ืจื’ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื‘ืงืœื™', ื›ื™ ืืœ ืื—ืจ ืืกืชืจืก ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืคืจื™ ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ืื–ย ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืš ืื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžืย ื•ื›ื•'. ื›ื™ ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื—ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”' ืœืœื ืขื‘ื“ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆื ืœื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื‘ืก"ื. ื•ืข"ื›, ื‘ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœืžื ืœื‘ืจืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืข ื”ืžื•ืช ืœื ืฆื—. ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื›"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื’' ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืฉื”ืŸ: ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื–"ื, ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ืง' ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืจื‘ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื–"ื ื”ืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืกืชื, ื•ื›"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื–ืขื™ืจื™ืŸ. ื•ืขื“"ื– ื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืคืจื˜ ืœื’' ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช: ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื–"ื, ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื‘ื›"ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื–"ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื–"ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›"ื‘ ืฉื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ืข"ื› ื›"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœื’' ื“ืจื’ื•ืช: ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืื•ืช. ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื' ืขื“ ืื•ืช ื˜', ื”ืŸ ื˜"ืก ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•"ื“ ืขื“ ืื•ืช ืฆ', ื”ืŸ ื˜"ืก ื“ื–"ื ื•ื”ืžืื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื ื“' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืงืจืฉ"ืช, ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืจืง ื“' ืกืคื™' ืฉืœ ื”ื–"ื ืฉืžื—ื–ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืœืžื˜ื”, ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื”ื™"ื,ย ืง"ืจย ื”ืŸ ื ื•"ื”,ย ืฉ"ืชย ื”ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช.

ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื ื•ื“ืข, ืฉื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื–"ื ื•ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืืžื. ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื: ื›ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ, ืฉื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ืคื•ื›ื• ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืœื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื›ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืžื'ย ืขื“ย ื™', ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืื•ืจื•ืช. ื•ืื ื‘ืื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื“ื›ืœื™ื, ื‘ื ื’ื ืื•ืจ ื”ื–"ื ื“ืื•ืจื•ืช. ื•ืื ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืžืื•ืช ื“ื›ืœื™ืย ืงืจืฉ"ืช, ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ืช. ื•ืข"ื› ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืœื–"ื, ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช.

 

ืืžื ื ืžื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืš, ืฉื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืžื, ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื–"ื, ื•ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื.
ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืฉืจื™ืืช ืืช ืช' ืœืžื™ืขืœย ื•ื›ื•'. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื•ืื•ืช ืžื”ื"ื‘, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื”. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืช'ย ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืืžืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืชืžื ื“ื’ื•ืฉืคื ืงื ื“ืžืœื›ื.
ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื˜ืจื ืื—ืจื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืืœื ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืื™ืจื” ืœื• ื ื”ื™ืจื• ื“ืงื™ืง, ืฉื”"ืกย โ€‹ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืช, ื•ื”"ืกย โ€‹ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืœื”. ื•ื–"ืก ืจื’ืœ ื”ืง'ย ื”ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ื ื”ื™ืจื• ื“ืงื™ืง ืฉื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืก"ื.

 

ื•ืข"ื› ืœื ืชืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืจื’ืœ ืœืžื˜ื” ืจืง ื‘ืง', ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื›ื™ย ืงืจืฉ"ืชย ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื "ืœ. ืืžื ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืช'ย ืžืชื—ืœืช ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื”, ื•ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ื™ื–ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืก"ื ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™, ืข"ื› ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืจื’ืœื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืชืขื‘ืชื” ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื ืžืฉืš ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื”, ื ืชื›ืคืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื, ื•ืžื—ืžืช ื–ื” ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืžื ื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืืจื” ืืœ ื”ืงืœื™' ื•ืก"ื, ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืฉื ืชืชืงื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืชืžื ื“ื’ื•ืฉืคื ืงื, ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœื™ื ืง ื“ืจืš ืฉื ืžืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื” ื™ืžื•ืช. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื“ืงื™ืงื” ื”ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืงืœื™' ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืชย ืง', ื›ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื”ืงืœื™' ื•ื”ืก"ื, ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ืคื—ื“ ืžืื—ื™ื–ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืงืœื™'.

 

ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื ืง'ย ืงื•ืฃ, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืžื ื” ื‘ืื” ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื›ื— ืืœ ื”ืก"ื ื•ื”ืงืœื™', ื”ื ืง' ืื“ื ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ, ืœื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืืœ ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื“ื, ื•ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืงืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื ื“ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘"ื”.
ื•ื–ื” ืฉื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืช', ื›ื™ื•ืŸย ื“ืื ื ื—ื•ืชืžื ื“ื’ื•ืฉืคื ืงื ื“ื™ืœืš, ืฉืื ื›ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื›ืœ ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ, ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื•ืœื™ื ืง ืžื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืฉืงืจ ื‘ืฉืžื ื“ื™ืœืš, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ืจื ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืก"ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื™ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืขื•ื“ืชื.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื•ืืช ืืชืงืจื™ืืช ืืžืช ื™ืื•ืช ืœืžืœื›ื ืœืžืฉืจื™ ื‘ืืช ืืžืช ื•ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ืคื™' ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื ืฉืœืš ืืžืช, ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืš ื–ื•ืœืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื“ืช ื”ืืžืช, ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืื•ืช ืœืžืœื›ื ืœืžืฉืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืช ืืžืช, ื•ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื“ืชื™ ื™ืจื—ื™ืงื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืก"ื ื•ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ื™ืชื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ืš, ื•ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืชื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ:ย โ€‹ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”' ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ื•, ืœืžืืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘, ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืืžืจ, ืœื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืื™ืช ืžืืŸ ื“ื™ืงืจื™ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉืงืจื, ืืžืจ ืจ' ืื‘ื, ืื™ืŸ, ื”ื”ื•ื ืžืืŸ ื“ืงืจื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืงืจื™. ืžื ืœืŸ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช, ืžืื™ ื‘ืืžืช, ื‘ื—ื•ืชืžื ื“ื’ื•ืฉืคื ืงื ื“ืžืœื›ื ื“ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืžื ื“ื›ื•ืœื.ย (ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืื•ืช ืจ"ื™).

ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื” ืขืœืžื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื• ืœืจืฉื™ืžื• ื“ื—ื•ืชืžื ืฉืœื”, ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื'ย ืขื“ย ืช', ืž"ืž ื ืขื ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื›ื—ื” ืงืฉื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ืžื™ื—ื• ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ื. ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘ืž' ืฉื‘ืช (ื“ืฃ ื "ื” ืข"ื). ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’"ื› ื—ื•ืชืžื ื“ืžื•ืช, ืฉืžื›ื—ื” ื ืชื”ื•ื” ื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื™ืชื”, ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื ืœืื“ื”"ืจ ื‘ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช. ื›ืž"ืฉย ื‘ืชืงื•ื ื™ื (ืชืงื•ืŸ ื›"ื‘)ย ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื”.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›ื“) ืขืืœืช ืืช ืฉ ืงืžื™ื”, ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื”: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ื‘ื™ ืืชืงืจื™ ืฉืžืš ืฉื“ื™, ื•ื™ืื•ืช ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื ื‘ืฉืžื ืงื“ื™ืฉื. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื™ืื•ืช ืื ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ ืื ืช ื•ืงืฉื•ื˜ ืื ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื–ื™ื•ืคื ื ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืœืš ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืขืžื”ื•ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ื ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื, ื“ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืœื ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉืงืจื ืืœื ืื™ ื™ื˜ืœื•ืŸ ืœืš ืง ืจ.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›ื“)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ืฉ'ย ื•ื›ื•' : ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ืื•ืชย ืฉ'. ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื• : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ ื ืงืจื ืฉืžืšย ืฉื“ื™, ื•ื™ืคื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ืงื“ื•ืฉ. ืืžืจ ืœื” : ื™ืคื” ืืช, ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืืช, ื•ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืงืจ ืœืงื—ื• ืื•ืชืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื”ืŸ, ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืš, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืชืงื™ื™ืย ืฉืงืจ, ืืœื ืื ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืง' ืจ'ย ื™ืงื—ื• ืื•ืชืš.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘' ืกื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื. ื”ื' ื ืง' ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืช', ื•ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘' ื ืง' ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉ'. ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžืื•"ื, ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ื”ืช'ย ืœืกื™ื•ืžื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื ืงืฉื™ื, ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืžื•ืš. ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืข"ื™ ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœื” ืื•ืชย ืฉ', ืืฉืจ ื’' ื”ืจืืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉ'ย ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจืช ื—ื’"ืช ื“ืืžื, ืฉืžืงื‘ืœืช ืข"ื™ ื”ื–"ื, ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”. ื‘ืกื•"ื”ย โ€‹ื‘ืืจ ื—ืคืจื•ื” ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•' (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื). ื›ื™ ืข"ื™ ื”ืืจื” ื–ื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื–"ื, ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ย โ€‹ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉื” ื›ื•ืจืชืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืืœื ืœืžื™ ืฉืขืฉืื” ื›ืœื™ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›"ื‘.), ื›ื™ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืœ, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ืืŸ ืžื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื.

 

ื•ืข"ื› ื ืงืจื ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืย ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ื“ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืžื ื” ื‘ื, ื•ื ืง' ื’"ื› ื‘ืฉื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื.
ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืง' ืื•ืชย ืฉ'ย ืื•ืช ืืžืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืช', ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืง' ื—ื•ืชืžื ื“ืžืœื›ื ื›ืžื•ื”. ื›ื™ ืžืœืช ื—ื•ืชื ื”ื™ื ืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื”ื', ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ, ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืžืœืš, ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืชื‘, ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžืœืš. ื•ื”ื‘' ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืœืš ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืž"ืฉย ื‘ืชืงื•ื ื™ื (ืชืงื•ืŸ ื›"ื‘),ย ื”ื›ื™ ื“ื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžืจืฉื™ืžื• ื“ื—ื•ืชืžื ื“ืžืœื›ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื™ ืžืœื›ื. ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื”ื—ื•ืชื ืื•ืช ืืžืช, ื›ื™ ืข"ื› ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืชื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืชื. ืืžื ื ืขื•ืœื” ืžืขืœืช ื”ืฉ'ย ืขืœ ื”ืช', ื›ื™ ื”ืฉ'ย ื ืง' ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืย ืฉื“"ื™. ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•:ย โ€‹ืฉืืžืจ ืœืขื•ืœืžื• ื“ื™ ื•ืืœ ืชืชืคืฉื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื™"ื‘.). ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ืกืชื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉ', ื•ื‘ื” ืืžืจ ืœืขื•ืœืžื• ื“ื™, ื•ืืœ ืชืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืช'. ื•ืข"ื› ื ืงืจืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื“ืฉ'ย ื‘ืฉื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ื“ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื.

ื•ื–ื• ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฉ', ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ื‘ื™ ืืชืงืจื™ ืฉืžืš ืฉื“"ื™ย ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉืจืืชื” ืฉื“ื—ื” ื”ืช'ย ืžืฉื•ื ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉื‘ื”, ื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืฉ'ย ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ืžื“ืชื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื” ืขืœืžื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืช', ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืื•ืช ืืžืช. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœื” ืžืขืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ื” ื ืง' ื”ืฉืย ืฉื“"ื™, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืœืกื™ื•ืžื ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื ื”ืช', ืข"ื› ืžืฆืื” ืขื•ื– ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืœื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ืชื”.

ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืœืฉ', ืืข"ืค ืฉืžืขืœืชืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืช, ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืžืฉื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉืงืจื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื•ย ื ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืœืšย ื‘' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื•ืฉืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื™', ืฉื”ืย ืง' ืจ'. ืคื™', ื›ื™ ื‘' ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืก"ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงืœื™': ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืืจื” ื“ืงื™ืง, ืฉื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืžืื™ืจื” ืœื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื” ืงื™ื•ื, ืฉืœื ืชืชื‘ื˜ืœื ื” ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื. ื•ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืืจื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ืžืื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจ ื“ืงืœื™' ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™' ื•"ืง ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ, ื•ื”ื ื•ืง' ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืืจื” ื“ืงื™ืง ื–ื• ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืข"ื™ ืื•ืชย ืง', ืฉื‘ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื›ื—ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืื“ื ื“ื‘ื™"ืข ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื“ื. ืฉื”"ืกย โ€‹ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืืœื”ื™ื (ืงื”ืœืช ื–').

 

ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘' ืืœ ื”ืก"ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ืงืœืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืฉืข"ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ืฉื”ืงืœืงื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื˜ื ื“ืขืฆื”"ื“, ืฉืžื›ื— ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”' ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื‘ื™"ืข, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”.
ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘' ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ืชย ืจ', ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืชืื—ื–ื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืชย ื“', ื›ื™ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื›"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื”, ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ื–"ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื–"ื, ื•ื”ืžืื•ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื“'ย ืฉืœ ื›"ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”, ื›ื™ย ืื‘"ื’ย ื”ืŸ ื’"ืจ ื•ืžื”ื“'ย ื•ืื™ืœืš ืขื“ ื”ื˜'ย ื”ืŸ ื•"ืง ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช.

ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“'ย ื–ื• ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื”, ื›ื™ย ืœื™ืช ืœื”ย ืœืžืœื›ื•ืชย ืžื’ืจืžื” ื•ืœื ืžื™ื“ื™, ืืœื ืžืžื” ื“ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืœื” ื‘ืขืœื”ย ื–"ื, ื›ื ื•ื“ืข. ื•ืžื“ืชื” ื–ื• ื ืจืฉืžืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“'ย ืฉืœื”. ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืื” ื”ื™ืย ื“ืœ"ืชย ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื“ืœื•ืช ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืœื“'ย ื‘ื—ื™' ื–ื•ื™ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื’ื’ื”, ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”, ืฉื”ื“'ย ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื’'ย ืฉืžืœืคื ื™ื”, ืฉื’'ย ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”, ื”ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื‘ื—ื™' ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ื” ื‘ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉืฉื ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื•ืข"ื› ื ืง'ย โ€‹ื’'ย ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืžืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, (ืฉื‘ืช ืง"ื“). ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืžืœ ื—ืกื“ ืขื ื”ื“' ื“ืœื™ืช ืœื” ืžื’ืจืžื” ื•ืœื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคืขืช ืœื” ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข. ื•ื‘ืœื™ื˜ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื–ื•, ื ืจืžื–ื” ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“'.

ืืžื ื ื”ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื ืจื’ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ื“ ืืœื•ืฃ, ืฉื”"ืกย ื“ืœ ื’ืื”ย ื•ืื™ื ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื’'ย ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืขืช ืืœื™ื”, ืืœื ืฉืžืชื™ื™ืžืจืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื‘ื’ืื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืข"ื™ ืคื’ื ื–ื” ื ืžื—ืงื” ื”ื–ื•ื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื“', ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื˜ืช ื—ืกื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ื ืขืฉืชื”ย ื“ืœ ื•ืจืฉ, ื›ื™ ืžื—ื™ืงืช ื”ื–ื•ื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื“'ย ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจืชย ืจ'ย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ืจืฉ, ืฉื–"ืกโ€‹ย ื’ื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื ื•ืœื“ ืจืฉ (ืงื”ืœืช ื“'). ื•ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื–"ื ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ืื—"ื“, ื›ื™ย ื"ื—ย ื”ื•ื ื˜"ืก ื“ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืžืŸย ื’'ย ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืœย ื’'ย ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉืขื™"ื– ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ื“'ย ื‘ื–ื•ื™ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข, ื•ืขื™"ื– ื ืขืฉื™ื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœื‘ืฉืจย ืื—ื“ย ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ. ื•ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืงืœืงืœื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื›ื— ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืก"ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื– ื‘ื“'ย ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื•ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืชื”ย ืจ', ื•ืื– ื ืขืฉื” ืžืื—"ื“ย ืื—"ืจ, ื•ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ืฉื–"ืกย โ€‹ื•ื ืจื’ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ื“ ืืœื•ืฃ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื˜"ื–).

ื•ืื– ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉืง"ืจย ื“ืก"ื ื”ื "ืœ ื—ื•ืžืกื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืฉ', ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืช ืืžืช, ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื›ื "ืœ, ื”ื ื” ืขืชื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ื” ืœืืœ ืื—ืจ ื“ืก"ื, ื›ื™ ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฉ'ย ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื™' ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ืก"ื, ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืข"ื› ื”ืก"ื ื‘ืข"ืก ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืขื ืจืืฉ, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉ'ย ืฉืขืฉืงื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื“ื—ื•ืจื‘ื, ื›ื™ ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืก"ื, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื ื‘ื ื• ื”ืื‘ื™"ืข ื“ืื“ื ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื ืชื‘ืืจ, ืื™ืšย ืง"ืจย ื”ืŸ ื‘' ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืก"ื, ื•ืข"ื› ื ืง' ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื–ื™ื•ืคื™, ื›ื™ ื”ืก"ื ื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื "ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืข"ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉ', ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื ื•ืง', ืืœ ื—ืœืงืŸ ื•ืจืฉื•ืชืŸ ืข"ื™ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื“'ย ืœืจ', ืฉื–ื™ื™ืคื• ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืœืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืงืจื ื•ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื•ย ืง"ืจย ื“ืก"ื ื—ื•ืžืกื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉ'.

ื•ื–ื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืฉ', ื™ืื•ืช ืื ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ ืื ืช ื•ืงืฉื•ื˜ ืื ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื–ื™ื•ืคื ื ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืœืš ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ืขืžื”ื•ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ื ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื, ื“ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืœื ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉืงืจื ืืœื ืื™ ื™ื˜ืœื•ืŸ ืœืš ืง"ืจย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืฉืงืจ ื“ืก"ื ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืžืกื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉ', ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืชื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืœื” ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื”.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›ื”) ืžื›ืืŸ, ืžืืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืฉืงืจื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื ื“ืงืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืงื“ืžื™ืชื, ื•ืœื‘ืชืจ ื™ื•ืงื™ื ืœื™ื” ืฉืงืจื, ื“ื”ื ืืช ืฉ ืืช ืงืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ื”ื•, ืืช ืงืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืื‘ื”ืชืŸ ื“ืืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื• ื‘ื”. ืง ืจ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืืชื—ื–ื™ืื• ืขืœ ืกื˜ืจื ื‘ื™ืฉื ืื™ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืœืืชืงื™ื™ืžื ื ื˜ืœื™ ืืช ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื™ ืงืฉืจ. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ืžืืช ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคืงืช ืžืงืžื™ื”.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›ื”)ย ืžื›ืืŸ ืžืืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ย ื•ื›ื•' : ืžื›ืืŸ ื ืฉืžืข, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืงืจ, ื™ืงื— ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืžืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืœื• ื”ืฉืงืจ. ื›ื™ ืื•ืชย ืฉ', ืื•ืช ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืื•ืช ืืžืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ืชื™ื—ื“ื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื’' ื”ืงื•ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉ'ย ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื’' ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื—ื’"ืช. ื•ืง' ืจ'ย ื”ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื“ ื”ืจืข, ื›ื™ ื”ืกื˜ืจื ืื—ืจื ื”ื™ืย ืงืจ, ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืžื ื“ืงืืคื•ย (ื›ื "ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื' ื“ืฃ ืž"ื– ื“"ื” ื™ืžื ื“ืงืืคื•)ย ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•, ื”ืŸ ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชย ืฉ'ย ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ื•ื ืขืฉื”, ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ, ืงืฉืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื•ืงื™ื•ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉ'ย ืจืืชื” ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฆืื” ืžืœืคื ื™ื•.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื”ืืจืช ื—ื’"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ืŸ ืœื” ืข"ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื‘ื ืชื” ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืœ ืœืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ืืŸ ืžื”ื–"ื. ื•ื”ื—ื’"ืช ื ืง' ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื–"ืฉย ื“ืื‘ื”ืชืŸ ืืชื™ื—ื“ื• ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืื•ืช ืืžืช, ื›ื "ืœ ืข"ืฉ.
ืง"ืจ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืืชื—ื–ื™ืื• ืขืœ ืกื˜ืจื ื‘ื™ืฉืย : ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ื–ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื‘' ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืก"ื ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื ื˜ืœื™ ืืช ืฉ' ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ื”ื• ื”ื•ื™ ืงืฉืจ: ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื™ืงืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“' ื“ืื—ื“, ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืกื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ืย ืฉ', ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ืงืœื™' ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืฉ'ย ืฉืข"ื™ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืœื”ืŸ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื”ื ืง'ย ืงืฉืจ. ื›ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื“ ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื ืชืง ืื•ืชื”.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›ื•) ืขืืœืช ืืช ืฆ ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ืื ื, ื‘ื™ ื—ืชื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ืื ืช, ื“ืืชืงืจื™ืืช ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื‘ื™ ืจืฉื™ื, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”' ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืื”ื‘, ื•ื‘ื™ ื™ืื•ืช ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ืฆื“ื™, ืฆื“ื™ ืื ืช, ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื˜ืžื™ืจื, ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืชื’ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืœื ืœืžื™ื”ื‘ ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืขืœืžื. ืž"ื˜, ื  ืื™ื”ื™, ืืชื™ื ื™ ื“ืฉืžื ื“ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื“ื™ืฉื ื•ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœื” ื•ืืชืื—ื“ ื‘ื”ื“ื”. ื•ืจื–ื ื“ื, ื›ื“ ื‘ืจื ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืื•. ื•ื‘ื’"ื› ืื ืคื•ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื“ ืžื”ื“ืจ ืœืื—ื•ืจื ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื ืฆ, ื•ืœื ืืชื”ื“ืจื• ืื ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืื ืคื™ืŸ ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื ืฆ, ืืกืชื›ืœ ืœืขื™ืœื ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื ืฆ ืืกืชื›ืœืช ืœืชืชื ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื ืฆ ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื”: ืชื•, ื“ืื ื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ืกืจื ืœืš, ื•ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ืœืš ืืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืชืจื ืื—ืจื ืชืกืชืœืง. ื ืคืงืช ืžืงืžื™ื” ื•ืื–ืœืช.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›ื•)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ืฆ'ย ื•ื›ื•' : ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ืฆ'. ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื‘ื™ ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ืืชื” ืฉื ืงืจืย ืฆื“ื™ืง, ืืชื” ืจืฉื•ื ื‘ื™, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘,ย โ€‹ื›ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”' ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืื”ื‘, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ืฆื“ื™, ืฆื“ื™ ืืช ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจืช, ืื™ืŸ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืš ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœื ืœืชืช ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ืžื”ื• ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื 'ย ื”ื™ืชื”, ื•ื‘ืื” ื”ื™' ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืจื›ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื 'ย ื•ื ืชืื—ื“ืช ืขืžื”. ื•ื ืขืฉืชื”ย ืฆ'

 

.ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื”"ืก ื–"ื, ื‘' ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื–ื›ืจ ื•ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื ืงื‘ื” ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืคื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™'ย ืžื•ื—ื–ืจืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ืžืŸ ื”ื ', ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื”,ย ืฆ', ืฉื”ื™', ืคื ื™ื” ืœืฆื“ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื ', ืคื ื™ื” ืœืฆื“ ืื—ืจ, ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื”ย ืฆย ืืœื ื”ื™'ย ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื”ย ืฆ, ื•ื”ื 'ย ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื”ย ืฆ'. ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” : ืื ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชืš, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืš, ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืชืชืขืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืžื™ื“, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืื– ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ื•ืจ, ืฉื™ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืืจืชื” ื ืกืชืจืช. ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื™ืฆืื” ืื•ืชย ืฆ'ย ืžืœืคื ื™ื•, ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉืจืืชื” ื”ืฆื“ื™' ืฉื”ืช'ย ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ื”ืฉ'ย ืžืคื ื™ ืื—ื™ื–ืช ื”ืก"ื ืฉื‘ื”. ืžืฆืื” ืขื•ื– ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื” ืขืœืžื, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœื” ืžืขืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืชื ื›ืžื•ืชืŸ, ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืืœ ื”ืก"ื. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื‘ื™ ื—ืชื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืชื ืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืข"ื™ ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืคืจื™ืขื”, ื”ื“ื•ื—ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื.ย ื•ืื ืช ื“ืืชืงืจื™ืืช ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ ืจืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื ืชืงื ื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืฆื“ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ื–"ื, ืฉื”ื ื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื ืชืชืงื ื• ื‘ืื•"ื, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื“ืื‘ื, ื‘ื”ืื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื“ืืžื ื™ืชื™ื‘.

 

ื•ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื›ืชืจื™ืŸ ืจื—ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืžืชื—ื‘ืงื™ืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื“ืœื ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขืœืžื™ืŸ. ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ย ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”' ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืื”ื‘, ืฆื“ื™ืง, ืจื•ืžื– ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ืื‘ื. ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ืจื•ืžื– ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ืืžื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ื”', ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืื”ื‘, ืข"ื› ื–ื•ื•ื’ื™ื™ื”ื• ืœื ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขืœืžื™ืŸ. ื•ืข"ื› ืืžืจื”: ืื ื™ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืชื™ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืืœ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืืžืจ ืœื”, ืฆื“ื™, ืฆื“ื™ ืื ืช, ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื ืช: ืื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœื•ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื ืง' ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื›ื™ ื˜"ืก ื“ื–"ื ื”ืŸ ืžื™'ย ืขื“ย ืฆื“ื™, ื•ื”ืง'ย ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื ื•ืง', ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื‘ื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืง'ย ื“ื‘ื•ืงื” ื‘ืฆื“ื™, ื•ื ืง' ืื– ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื— ืื•ืชื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”,ย ืฆื“ื™ ืื ืช, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืš ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–"ื.ย ื•ืฆื“ื™ ืื ืชย ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื™, ื›ื™ ืืช ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ื™, ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื’ ื“ืœื ืคืกื™ืง, ื›ื“ื‘ืจืš. ื•ื’ืย ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื ืช, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื‘ืš, ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ืง'ย ืฉืœ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื“ื™. ื•ืขื›"ื– ืื™ื ืš ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื. ื›ืž"ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืื ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื˜ืžื™ืจื ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืชื’ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืšย ื•ื›ื•'ย ืž"ื˜ ื ' ืื™ื”ื™: ืคื™' ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืžื• ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืง'ย ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืžื– ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”,ย ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื ืช. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆ', ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจืช ื‘ื• ื›ืื•ืชย ื '. ื›ื™ ื”ื 'ย ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื“ื–"ื, ื›ื™ย ื™' ื›' ืœ'ย ื”ืŸ ื’"ืจ ื›ื—"ื‘, ื•ืž' ื 'ย ื”ืŸ ื—ืกื“ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื•ืขืœย ื 'ย ื–ื• ื ืืžืจ ืื ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” (ืžืฉืœื™ ื—). ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ื’"ืช ื ืขืฉื™ื ืœื—ื‘"ื“ ื›ื ื•ื“ืข, ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืœื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ื‘ืขืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืื‘ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืžื ืœื—ื•ืฅ, ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื ', ื•ืข"ื› ืจืžื™ื– ื‘ื” ื ืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื ื•ืคืœืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’"ืจ ืœื•"ืง ืžื›ื— ืื‘ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืจืืฉ.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืชื’ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืœื ืœืžื™ื”ื‘ ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืขืœืžื ืž"ื˜ ื ' ืื™ื”ื™, ืืชื™ื ื™' ื“ืฉืžื ื“ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื“ื™ืฉื ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœื” ื•ืืชืื—ื“ ื‘ื”ื“ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื‘ืฆ'ย ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืื•ืชย ื 'ย ืฉื‘ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื•ืคืœืช, ื•ื”ื™'ย ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ื“ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื“ืฉ. ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ื•ืจ, ืืฉืจ ืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื• ื•ืคื ื™ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื—ื•ืฅ, ื›ื™ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™' ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืœื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื ', ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื ื™ ื”ื 'ย ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืœืฆื“ ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืœื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื™', ืฉื–ื” ืจื•ืžื– ืฉื™ืฉ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื•ืข"ื› ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื™ื, ื‘ืกื•"ื”ย ื•ืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืชื”ย (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื–'), ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืื—ื–ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉย ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืชื’ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืœื ืœืžื™ื”ื‘ ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืขืœืžื, ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ื ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกืชืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืชืช ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื– ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื, ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ื ืš ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืš ืชืฆื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื™' ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืงืœื™', ื•ืžื›ื—ย ืฆ'ย ื–ื•, ืฉื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื” ืื‘"ื, ื™ืฆื ื’ื ืื“ื”"ืจ ืื‘"ื, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื“ื• ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ืจื–ื ื“ื ื›ื“ ื‘ืจื ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืื•.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืชื• ื“ืื ื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ืกืจื ืœืš ื•ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ืœืš ืืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืชืจื ืื—ืจื ืชืกืชืœืงย : ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืฉืžื ืชืืžืจ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคื‘"ืค, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ืกืจื ืœืš ืื—"ื› ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืชืš ืคื‘"ืค. ื’ื ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื˜ืขื ื”, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืืชืงืŸ ืœืš ืคื‘"ืค ืขื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื”ื ื” ื’ื ืื– ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืš ืœืžื˜ื”, ืืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœืžืงื•ื ืื•"ื ืขืœืื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื‘"ืค ืœื ื™ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืš, ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืงืœื™' ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชืš, ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ื ืš ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื. ื•ื–"ืฉ, ืชื•, ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”,ย ื“ืื ื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ืกืจื ืœืš ื•ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคื™ืŸย ืืžืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ืกืจื ืœืš ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืชืš ืคื‘"ืค, ืื›ืŸ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืšย ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืชืจื ืื—ืจื ืชืกืชืœืงย ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื•"ื, ื›ื™ ืื– ืชืขืœื” ื•ืชืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืœืื•"ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืš ืขืฆืžืš ืœื ื™ืชื•ืงืŸ ื–ื” ืขื“ ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื•ืื™ืš ืื‘ืจื ื‘ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืš ื™ืฉ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›ื–) ืขืืœืช ืืชย ย ืค, ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื”: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ื”ื ืคื•ืจืงื ื ื“ืื ืช ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืœืžื, ื‘ื™ ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื“ื ื”ื•ื ืคื“ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ ื™ืื•ืช ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื. ืืžืจ ืœื” : ื™ืื•ืช ืื ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืš ืืชืจืฉื™ื ืคืฉืข ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืจื•, ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ืย ย ื“ื—ื™ื•ื™ื ื“ืžื—ื™, ื•ืืขื™ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื”, ื”ื›ื™, ืžืืŸ ื“ื—ื‘, ื›ืคื™ืฃ ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื•ืืคื™ืง ื™ื“ื•ื™. ื•ื›ืŸย ย ืข ืขื•ืŸ, ืืข"ื’ ื“ืืžืจื”, ื“ืื™ืช ื‘ื™ ืขื ื•ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื. ื ืคืงืช ืžืงืžื™ื”.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›ื–)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ืค'ย ื•ื›ื•': ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ืค'ย ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืืชื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ื™, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืย ืคื“ื•ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืคื“ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•. ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืช ื‘ืื•ืชย ืค', ื•ืข"ื› ื‘ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื™ืคื” ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืš ื ืจืฉืย ืคืฉืข ืฉื‘ืกืชืจ, ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืฉืžื›ื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืจืืฉื• ืœืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื•. ื›ืšย ืžื™ย ืฉื—ื•ื˜ื, ื›ื•ืคืฃ ืจืืฉื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจย ืฉืžืขืœื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื”, ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืœื—ื˜ื•ื. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฆื•ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืค'ย ืฉืจืืฉื” ื›ืคื•ืคื” ืœืชื•ื›ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœืื•ืชย ืข', ืฉื‘ื” ื ืจืฉืย ืขื•ืŸ. ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืืžืจื” : ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ย ืขื ื•ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืœื ืื‘ืจื ื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื™ืฆืื” ืžืœืคื ื™ื•.

 

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืคื•ืจืงื ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื•ืืžืจื” ื”ืค'ย ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ื”, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉื™ื‘ืจื ื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื’"ืจ, ื”ื ืง' ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ, ื”ื ื” ืื– ื’ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื, ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื™ ื"ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื ื’ื“ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–"ื ืฉื ืง' ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื ื•ืงื‘ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจืฆื•. ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืžืืจืฆื. ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื, ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจืฆื•, ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืขื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืชื™ื—ื“ ืขืžื” ืคื‘"ืค, ื•ืื– ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื’ื ื”ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ืžืชื.

 

ื•ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”ื–"ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื”, ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™ื” ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื”ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื–"ื, ืฉืžื•ื— ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื ืฆื—, ื•ืžื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื“. ื›ื ื•ื“ืข. ื•ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืข' ืค'ย ื”ืŸ ื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืค'ย ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื,ย ืคื•ืจืงื ื ื“ืื ืช ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื‘ื™ ืจืฉื™ื. ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืชื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ืชื™ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ืœื‘ื ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.

 

ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืค'ย ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื“ืช ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืข', ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื•"ื”, ืฉื”ืย ืข' ืค'ย ื•ืขื™ืงืจื ื‘ื ืฆื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืข', ื•ื"ื› ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืค'ย ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืข'. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ื“ื ื”ื•ื ืคื“ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืคื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืค'. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื, ืฉืืžื ืคื•ื“ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื– ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื”. ื•ื”"ืก ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ย โ€‹ื›ื ืฉืจ ื™ืขื™ืจ ืงื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื• ื™ืจื—ืฃ ื•ื’ื•' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ"ื‘).

 

ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืจื–"ืœ, ื”ื ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ืจื—ืžื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืื•ืžืจย ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ืฅ ื‘ื™ ื•ืืœ ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื‘ื ื™ย (ืขื™' ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ"ื‘ ื™"ื). ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ืž"ื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืœืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ,ย ื“ืืžื ืื•ื–ื™ืคืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืชื ืžืื ื”ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื', ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืืžื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื•"ืง ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ, ืื– ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืืชื•ื•ืŸย ืืœ"ื”ย ืฉืœื” ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื•ืืชื‘ื ื™ ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืฉืžื ืืœื”ื™ื. (

 

ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ื™"ื– ื“"ื” ื•ื–ื”) ื•ืืžื ื ืง'ย ื ืฉืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื—ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื•ืข"ื› ื™ืฆืื” ืœื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ืช ืงื•ืžืชื” ืœื•"ืง ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™'ย ื—ืฅ, ืฉื”"ืก ืฉืืžืจื”, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ืฅ ื‘ื™, ืฉืข"ื™ ื›ืŸ ืคื“ืชื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ย ืืœ"ื”ย ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื–"ืก ืคื“ื•ืช ื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืืžื ืคื•ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืฉืœื•ืœื ื–ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ. ื•ืคื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืงื• ืฉืžืืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืฉืฉืžื” ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืชย ืค'. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืค'ย ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืข', ื›ื™ ื”ืคื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืืžื ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืจืง ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืข'ย ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืงื• ืฉืžืืœ, ื•ืœื ื‘ืงื• ื™ืžื™ืŸ.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื™ืื•ืช ืื ืช ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืš ืืชืจืฉื™ื ืคืฉืข ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืจื•: ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™, ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•"ืง ื“ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’"ืจ ื“ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืืœื•, ื”"ืก ืื•"ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืฉืžืฉื• ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžื” ื ื’ื ื–ื•, ื•ืœื ื™ืชื’ืœื• ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืชืงืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื“ืขืฆื”"ื“, ืฉืื“ื”"ืจ ื—ื˜ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™"ืข ื“ืคืจื•ื“ื ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ืžืคืจืกื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื”ืžืื ื™ืŸ ื“ืืžื, ืืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช, ืฉื”"ืก ื”ืคืจืกื ืฉืชื—ืช ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืฉื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืชื” ื”"ืช ื“ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื', ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื™ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ืžืžื ื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ืข"ื™ ื–ื”, ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืฉืคืข ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืคืจืกื ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืืชืจืฉื™ื ืคืฉืข ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืฉื”"ืกย โ€‹ื‘ื ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื•ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ื–ื•ื”ืžื, (ืฉื‘ืช ืงืž"ื•.)

 

ืืฉืจ ื–ื•ื”ืžื ื–ื• ืœื ืชืชื•ืงืŸ ืืœื ื‘ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•"ื”ย โ€‹ื‘ืœืข ื”ืžื•ืช ืœื ืฆื— ื•ืžื—ื” ืื“ื ื™ ื”' ื“ืžืขื” ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื. (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›"ื”) ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•"ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื’ื ื–ื•, ื ืง' ื‘ืฉื ื“ืžืขื•ืช, ืฉื”"ืก ื‘' ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”' ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘' ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื—ื•"ื‘ ืืœื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื ื’ื ื–ื• ื•ืื™ื ื. ื›ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื”"ืก ื—ื•"ื‘, ื•ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ืžื›ื— ื”ื–ื•ื”ืžื ืฉื ืชืขืจื‘ื” ื•ื ื“ืžืขื” ืข"ื™ ื—ื˜ื ืขืฆื”"ื“, ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘' ืžืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ.ย (ืขื™' ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื' ืื•ืช ืจื "ื“)ย ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื ืžื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืข ื”ืžื•ืช ืœื ืฆื—. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืงืŸ ื—ื˜ื ืขืฆื”"ื“ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื›ื™ ื™ืชื•ืงืŸ ื”ืคืฉืข, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื– ื™ืื™ืจื• ื’ื”"ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื ื—ื•"ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžื—ื” ืื“ื ื™ ื”' ื“ืžืขื” ื•ื›ื•'.

 

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,ย ื™ืื•ืช ืื ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืš ืืชืจืฉื™ื ืคืฉืข ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืจื•ย ื›ื™ ืืข"ืค ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืš ืคื“ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืืžื, ืฉืข"ื™ ื›ืŸ ืืช ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”,ย ืฉื›ืœย ื”ื’ืื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”, ื•ืขื›"ื– ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื ื’ืœื• ืžืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื, ื•ื‘' ื”ืžืงื“ืฉื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื ื—ืจื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื›ื™ย ื‘ืš ืืชืจืฉื™ื ืคืฉืข ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืจื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืคื“ื•ืช ื“ืืžื ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืชื” ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉืข ื“ื—ื˜ื ืขืฆื”"ื“, ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื•ืข"ื› ื™ืฉ ื‘ืš ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืงืœื™', ื›ื™ ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•"ืง ื“ื—ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืจืืฉ ื“ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ื™ื”. ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืš ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืงืœื™', ืื™ื ืš ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉื™ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ืš.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื—ื™ื•ื™ื ื“ืžื—ื™ ื•ืืขื™ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื”: ื›ื™ ื”ืคืฉืข ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืจื•, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉ, ื“ืžื—ื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืขืœืžื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืย ืžื™ืชื” ืœืขื•ืœื, ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื•ืงืคื•, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื•ืฉืš ืœืื“ื, ื•ืชื™ื›ืฃ ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืจืืฉื• ืœื’ื•ืคื•, ืฉืื– ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื•, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืฉ ื ื”ืจื’ ืืœื ืื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•. ื•ื–ื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœืื“ืย ื“ื—ื‘ย ื‘ืขืฆื”"ื“, ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื•,ย ื“ื›ืคื™ืฃ ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื•ืืคื™ืง ื™ื“ื•ื™. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื’ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืคื“ื•ืช ื“ืืžื, ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™' ื›ืคื™ืคืช ืจืืฉ, ื•ืจืง ื™ื“ื•ื™, ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื’"ืช ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื—ื™ื–ืช ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืค', ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื” ืขืœืžื, ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ื›ืŸ ืข' ืขื•ืŸ, ืืข"ื’ ื“ืืžืจื” ื“ืื™ืช ื‘ื™ ืขื ื•ื”ย ื•ื›ื•': ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ื ืงืจืืช ืขื ื•ื”. ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื— ื“ื–"ื, ืฉื”ื•ืย ืข', ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืœื‘ืฉืช ืœืืžื ืขื™ืœืื”, ื•ืืžื ืžืงืฉื˜ืช ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื”ื, ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื” ื“ืื™ืช ื‘ื™ย ืขื ื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืืžื ืฉื ืง' ืขื ื•ื” ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื™. ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืื™ ืคืฉืข ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืžื•ืš, ื“ืื™ืช ื‘ื”ื•, ื‘ื ืฆื— ื”ื•ื“ ืืœื•, ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืจื•, ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื” ืœืข', ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื.

 

ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื ื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ืคืฉืข ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืคืฉืข ื›ื "ืœ ื‘ืค', ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืฉืข ืืชืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“, ืฉื”ื•ืย ืค', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื”ื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื•, ืฉื‘ื” ื ืื—ื–ื• ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืžื›ื— ื”ื—ื˜ื ื“ืขืฆื”"ื“ ื›ื "ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื ืฆื— ื“ื–"ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื“ื–"ื, ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืงืœื™' ื‘ื•, ืืœื ื‘ืกื•ื“ย โ€‹ื‘ื”ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืฆื ืœืงื™ ื›ืจื‘ื (ื‘"ืง ืฆ"ื‘)ย ื ืื—ื–ื• ื”ืงืœื™' ื’ื ื‘ื ืฆื—.ย ื›ื ื•ื“ืข. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื• ื–ื” ื”ืงืœืงื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืขื•ืŸ, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืืœื ืฉื ืชืขื•ื•ืช ืžื›ื— ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืขื ื”ื”ื•ื“.ย (ืขื™' ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื™"ื’ ืื•ืช ืจ"ื• ื“"ื” ืื‘ืœ, ื•ื‘ืื•"ืค).

 

ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืชย ืข', ืขืืœืช ืื•ืช ืข', ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืืœืย ืฉื›ืœืœื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืค', ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืฆื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ ื”ื ืชืจื™ ืคืœื’ื™ ื“ื’ื•ืคื, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืื—ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื˜ืขื ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืœื—ื•ื“, ื‘ื–ื• ืื—ืจ ื–ื•.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›ื—) ืขืืœืช ืืช ืก, ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ืื™ืช ื‘ื™ ืกืžื™ื›ื ืœื ืคืœื™ืŸ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืกื•ืžืš ื”' ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืคืœื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื” : ืขืœ ื“ื ืื ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืชืจืš, ื•ืœื ืชื–ื•ื– ืžื ื™ื”, ืื™ ืืช ื ืคื™ืง ืžืืชืจืš, ืžื” ืชื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื• ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื ืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืกืžื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœืš. ืžื™ื“ ื ืคืงืช ืžืงืžื™ื”.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›ื—)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ืก'ย ื•ื›ื•' : ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ืก', ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื• : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ย ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืœื ื•ืคืœื™ื, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘,ย โ€‹ืกื•ืžืš ื”' ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืคืœื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื” : ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืžืงื•ืžืš, ื•ืืœ ืชื–ื•ื–ื™ ืžืžื ื•, ืฉืื ืืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืžืงื•ืžืš, ืฉื‘ืžืœื” ืกืžืš, ืืœื• ื”ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš. ืžื™ื“ ื™ืฆืื” ืžืœืคื ื™ื•.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื•ืชย ืก'ย ื”ื™ื ืช"ืช ื“ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ื’ื•ืคื, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื—"ื‘ ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื–"ื ืœื—ืกื“ื™ื ื ืฉืชื ื• ืฉืžื™ื™ื”ื• ืœื—ื’"ืช, ื›ื ื•ื“ืข, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ื—ืœืงื” ืœื‘' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื’"ืจ ื•ื–"ืช, ืฉื”ื’"ืจ ืฉื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื• ืœืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื•ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ื“ื"ื, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ืืข"ืค ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื•, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื”ื•ื (ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื›ื”). ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืจ ื—ื›ืžื” ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื"ื, ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืจืืฉ ืžืžืขื˜ืช ืื•ืชื ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื‘ื—ื™' ืจืืฉ ื"ื. ื•ื”ื ื ืง'ย ืก', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืœื• ื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ืชืงื ื• ืœืื•"ื, ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืฉ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ื—ื’"ืช ืขื“ ื”ื—ื–ื”.

 

ืื‘ืœ ื–"ืช ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืขืฆื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื”ื ื” ื ืชื—ืœืงื• ืžื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืœืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช, ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื“' ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ืชื ื”"ื™ ื“ืื•"ื, ืฉื”ื ืžื—ื–ื” ื“ืื•"ื ื•ืœืžื˜ื”, ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืืจืช ื—ื›ืžื”, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื–ื•"ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื ืคื’ืžื• ืžื—ืžืช ื™ืฆื™ืืชืŸ, ื•ื ืขืฉื• ื•"ืง ื—ืกืจ ืจืืฉ, ื•ื”ืŸ ื ืง'ย ื'ย ืกืชื•ืžื”, ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืจืง ื“' ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ืชื ื”"ื™ ื“ืื•"ื. ืฉื”ื ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื›ื "ืœ. (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœื ืื•ืช ื‘' ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื•ื).

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœืก'ย ื•ื'ย ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ื"ื ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืœื‘ืจ ืžื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื"ื, ื•ื ืชืคืฉื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื’"ืช ืฉืœื• ืขื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื“ืช"ืช ืฉื‘ื•. ื•ื”ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื•"ืŸ.
ืืžื ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืœื™ื ืž"ืŸ ืœื–ื•"ืŸ ื•ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืœืื•"ื, ื”ื ื” ืื– ื ืขืฉื™ื ืื•"ื ื•ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื—ื“, ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื"ื, ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืืจืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืžื"ื ืืœ ื”ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื–"ื ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืก'ย ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื ืขืฉืชื” ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ื'ย ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืžืื”. ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžืงืœืงืœื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื, ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืžืกืชืœืงื™ื ืžื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•"ืง ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื”. ื•ื’ื ืื•"ื ื•ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื•ืื•"ื ืขื™' ื ืขืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืก'ย ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืฉ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ื—ื’"ืช ืœื‘ื“, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืœื•ืœื” ืžื™ื•"ื“, ื•ื™ืฉืกื•"ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืขืฉื™ื ืœื'ย ืกืชื•ืžื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื ื”"ื™ ื“ืื•"ื ืœื‘ื“. ื›ื "ืœ.

ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื“ื•"ืง ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื”, ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื“ ืžืื—ื™ื–ืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช. ืฉืื– ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื™"ืข ื“ืคื™ืจื•ื“ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™' ื”ืก'ย ืฉืœื”ื, ืืฉืจ ืืœื• ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื ืจืง ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ืž"ืž ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ื™ืจื ื“ื›ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื—ื™' ืจืืฉ. ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื ืงืœื™ืคื” ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื•"ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืืœื• ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืก'ย ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืง' ืื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืฉื ืกืžืš, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืœื–ื•"ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืคืœื• ืžืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•"ืง ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ. ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ืก'ย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื“ืื™ืช ื‘ื™ ืกืžื™ื›ื ืœื ืคืœื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืกื•ืžืš ื”' ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืคืœื™ืย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ืืžืจืŸ, ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืก'ย ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืœ ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืชื, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ืจืง ืื•ืจ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉื•ื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืงืœื™', ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’"ืจ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ืžื“ืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื” ืขืœืžื, ื›ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื’ื ื›ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื. ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื’ื ืื– ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืงืœื™'.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื"ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื ืื ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืชืจืš ื•ืœื ืชื–ื•ื– ืžื ื™ื”: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืืช ื”ื ื•ืคืœื™ื, ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืช ืงืœืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืœื–ื•ื– ืžื ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื‘ืจื ื‘ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืชื”ื™ ืžื“ืชืš ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช, ื ืžืฆื ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ื–ื•"ืŸ ื™ืฉืืจื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืž"ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ืชื’ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ืืœื ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืžืฆื ื‘ืืชืจืš ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืœื‘ื—ื™' ืžืงื•ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื›ื“ืื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžืื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ืื™ ืืช ื ืคื™ืง ืžืืชืจืš ืžื” ืชื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื• ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื ืคื™ืœื™ืŸย ื›ื™ ืื– ื™ืฉืืจื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™' ื ื•ืคืœื™ื, ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืกืžื™ื›ื ื“ื™ื“ืš. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืกืžื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœืšย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจืง ืกืžื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœืš, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœื–ื•"ืŸ ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื. ืข"ื› ืื™ื ืš ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ืชืš.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ื›ื˜โ€‹ืขืืœืช ืืช ื , ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ื‘ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ื•ืจื ืชื”ืœื•ืช, ื•ืชื”ืœื” ื“ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื ืื•ื” ืชื”ืœื”. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื ื•ืŸ,ืชื•ื‘ ืœืืชืจืš ื“ื”ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ืš ืชื‘ืช ืกืžืš ืœืืชืจื”, ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืกืžื™ืš ืขืœื”. ืžื™ื“ ืชื‘ืช ืœืืชืจื” ื•ื ืคืงืช ืžืงืžื™ื”.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื›ื˜)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ื 'ย ื•ื›ื•' : ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ื '. ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย ื ื•ืจื ืชื”ืœื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘,ย โ€‹ื ืื•ื” ืชื”ืœื”. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื ื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืœืžืงื•ืžืš ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ืื•ืชย ืก'ย ืœืžืงื•ืžื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืขืœื™ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื 'ย ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืœื”ย ื ืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ืกืžืš, ืฉื”"ืกย โ€‹ืกื•ืžืš ื”' ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืคืœื™ื, ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืื•ืชื, ื›ื "ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืžื•ืš. ืžื™ื“ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื”, ื•ื™ืฆืื” ืžืœืคื ื™ื•.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ. ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื 'ย ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืชย ืก'ย ื ื“ื—ื™ืช, ืžื˜ืขื ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ื "ืœ. ื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื 'ย ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืžืขืœืช ื”ืก'ย ื•ื’ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžืคื ื™ื• ื ื“ื—ืชื” ื”ืก'. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื“ื‘ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ื•ืจื ืชื”ืœื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื“ื–"ื ื ืงืจืืชย ื ', ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื ืžืชืงืช ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืง'ย ื 'ย ืฉืขืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ืžื›ื— ื–ื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืงืจื ื”ื–"ืย ื ื•ืจื ืชื”ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ื ืง' ืชื”ืœื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื”, ืข"ื› ื ืงืจื ื ื•ืจื ืชื”ืœื•ืช ื•ื 'ย ื–ื• ื“ื–"ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื“ื–"ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืขื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืฉืœื•, ืฉืื– ื ืง' ืžื›ื—ื• ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ืชื”ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืืžื ืขื™ืœืื”. ื•ื ืžืฆื ื”ื–"ื ืื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืชื”ืœื” ืขื™ืœืื” ื•ืชื”ืœื” ืชืชืื” ื›ืื—ื“.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ื 'ย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื“ื‘ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ื•ืจื ืชื”ืœื•ืชย ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืงื• ืฉืžืืœ ื‘ื–"ื, ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžืžืฉื›ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืื•ืชย ืก'ย ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื” ืขื™ืœืื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ื”ื–"ื ื”ื ืง' ื‘ืกื‘ืชื™ ื ื•ืจื ืชื”ืœื•ืช, ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ืข"ื› ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืก', ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื”, ื”ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’"ืจ ื•ืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืžืขืœืช ื”ืก'. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ ืžืขืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืชย ื•ืชื”ืœื” ื“ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื ืื•ื” ืชื”ืœื”ย ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื“ื–"ื, ื›ื "ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชย ืฆ'ย ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื“ื 'ย ืื™ื”ื™ ื•ืื•ืชย ื™'ย ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœื”, ืขืฉ"ื”, ืฉื 'ย ื–ื• ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ืœืชื”ืœื” ื“ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื›ื™ ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืื•"ื, ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื’ื ืื–ย ื 'ย ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื‘"ื, ืืœื ืฉืžืžืฉื›ืช ืื•ื™ืจื ื“ื›ื™ื ืžืื•"ื ืขื™' ืฉื”ื ืกื•ื“ย ืก'ย ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ืื– ื ืง' ื”ื 'ย ื‘ืฉื ืชื”ืœื” ื“ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื.

 

ื›ื™ ื”ื™' ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœื”. ื•ืื– ื ืงืจืืช ื ืื•ื” ืชื”ืœื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืžืžืฉื›ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืžืŸย ื 'ย ื–ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื 'ย ืฉื‘ื” ืจืื•ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžื‘ืจื™, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืืจืชื” ื ื•ืกืคื• ื’ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืงื™ื•ื ืœื–ื•"ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ื“ ื›ืžื• ื”ืก'.

ืืžืจ ืœื”, ื ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื‘ ืœืืชืจืš ื“ื”ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ืš ืชื‘ืช ืกืžืš ืœืืชืจื”: ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ืžื“ืชืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืงืœื™', ืืœื ื’ื ืžื“ืชืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืก', ื›ื™ ืข"ื› ืืช ื ืžืฆืืช ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™' ืื‘"ื ื•ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืก'ย ืžื’ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉืžืจืš ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ืš ืชื‘ืช ื”ืก'ย ืœืืชืจื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืื•ืชืš, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืกืžื™ืš ืขืœื”ย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื’ื ืžื“ืชืš ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืกืžื™ื›ื ืœื‘ื“.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœ) ืขืืœืช ืืช ืž ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ื‘ื™ ืืชืงืจื™ืืช ืžืœืš. ืืžืจ ืœื” : ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืœืžื ืืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ืœืžืœืš, ืชื•ื‘ ืœืืชืจืš, ืื ืช ื•ืœ ื•ืš, ื“ื”ื ืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœืขืœืžื ืœืžื™ืงื ื‘ืœื ืžืœืš.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœ)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ืž'ย ื•ื›ื•' , ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ืž'. ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ ื ืงืจืืช ืžืœืš. ืืžืจ ืœื” : ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืื‘ืจื ื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืœืš. ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืœืžืงื•ืžืš, ืืช, ื•ื”ืœ', ื•ื”ื›', ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืคื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืœื ืžืœืš.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื”ืž'ย ื”ื™ื ื—ืกื“ ื“ื–"ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ื• ืžื—ืกื“ ื“ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”"ืกย โ€‹ื™ื•ืžื ื™ืฆื•ื” ื”' ื—ืกื“ื• (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืž"ื‘), ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืื–ื™ืœ ืขื ื›ืœื”ื• ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื–"ื, ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื—ื’"ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ื‘"ื“, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื”ื—ืกื“ ื“ื–"ื ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ืื– ื ื’ืœื” ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื–"ื.

ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืž'ย ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื” ืขืœืžื, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื•ย ื“ื‘ื™ ืืชืงืจื™ืืช ืžืœืšย ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืœืžื ืืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ืœืžืœืš: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ื’' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืžืœ"ืš. ื•ื–"ืฉย ืชื•ื‘ ืœืืชืจืš ืื ืช ื•ืœ' ื•ืš', ื“ื”ื ืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœืขืœืžื ืœืžื™ืงื ื‘ืœื ืžืœืš, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืœืžืงื•ืžืš ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื™ ืขื ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืœ'ย ื•ืš', ื•ืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขืย ื“ื”ื ืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœืขืœืžื ืœืžื™ืงื ื‘ืœื ืžืœืšย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืžืœ"ืš.

ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืž'ย ื“ืžืœืš ื”"ืก ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื ื™ืฆื•ื” ื”' ื—ืกื“ื• (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืž"ื‘) ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืื–ื™ืœ ืขื ื›ืœื”ื• ื™ื•ืžื™, ืฉื–"ืกย ืž'ย ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื‘ื”ืจื•ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื•ื”ืœ'ย ื“ืžืœืš ื”"ืก ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื— ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื"ื ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ืœื–"ื. ื•ื”ืš'ย ื“ืžืœืšย ื”"ืก ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื“ื–"ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืœืš ื‘ืœื ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื–ื•ืœืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชย ื•ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื“ื™ื“ื”. ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื–ืืช ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื” ืœื• ืืœ ื”ื–"ื ื‘ื’' ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช: ื) ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืœื›ืกื ืœื•, ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ื”ืžืœืšย ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœย ื›ืกืย ืจื ื•ื ืฉื: ื›ื™ ืžื“ืช ื–ื• ื”"ืก ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืฉืš ืกืชืจื•, ื•ื›ืกื ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืกื•ื™ ื•ื”ืขืœื, ื•ืข"ื› ื ืงืจืืช ื›' ื›ืคื•ืคื”.

 

ื‘) ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืœื• ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืชืจืื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉื ื“ืงื“ืจื•ืชื, ืฉื‘ืขืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื ื“ืงื“ืจื•ืชื ื–ื”, ื•ื–ืจื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ื• ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืœืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืจืื” ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื” ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื–ื” ื•ื›ื•'โ€‹ย (ืกื•ืฃ ืชืขื ื™ืช). ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื ื“ืงื“ืจื•ืชื ื”"ืกย ืš'ย ืคืฉื•ื˜ื ื•ืืจื™ื›ื. ื’) ืฉื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื• ืขื˜ืจื” ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื”, ื‘ืกื•"ื”ย โ€‹ืฆืื ื” ื•ืจืื ื” ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœืš ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืขื˜ืจื” ืฉืขื˜ืจื” ืœื• ืืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ืช ืœื‘ื• (ืฉื™ืจ ื’'). ื•ื–"ืก ืฉื”ื›'ย ื”ื™ื ื›ืชืจ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื’' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืž' ืœ' ืš'. ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื) ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื, ื ื—ืชื ืžืŸ ืงื“ืžื•ื”ื™ ืืช ื› ืžืขืœ ื›ื•ืจืกื™ื” ื™ืงืจื™ื”, ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขืช ื•ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ืื ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš. ื•ื›ื“ ื ื—ืชืช ื› ืžืขืœ ื›ื•ืจืกื™ื” ื™ืงืจื™ื”, ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืžืืชืŸ ืืœืฃ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื–ื“ืขื–ืข ื›ืจืกื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœื”ื• ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืœืžื ืคืœ. ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื” : ื›ืฃ, ื›ืฃ, ืžื” ืืช ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื›ื, ื“ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื, ืชื•ื‘ ืœืืชืจืš, ื“ื”ื ื‘ืš ื›ืœื™ื”, ื›ืœื” ื•ื ื—ืจืฆื” ืืฉืชืžืข, ืชื•ื‘ ืœื›ืจืกื™ื™ืš ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืชืžืŸ. ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ื ืคืงืช ืžืงืžื™ื” ื•ืชื‘ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืชื”.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ืœื)ย ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ื ื—ืชืย ื•ื›ื•': ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื™ืจื“ื” ืžืœืคื ื™ื• ืื•ืชย ื›'ย ืžืขืœย ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•. ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืขื” ื•ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื• : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš ืื ื™. ื›ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ืื•ืชย ื›'ย ืžืขืœ ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•, ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืžืืชื™ื ืืœืฃ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืข ื”ื›ืกื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืœื ืคื•ืœ. ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”ย ื›"ืฃ ื›"ืฃ, ืžื” ืืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืืŸ, ืœื ืื‘ืจื ื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืœืžืงื•ืžืš, ื›ื™ ื‘ืšย ื›ืœื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืš ื ืฉืžืขื”ย ื›ืœื” ื•ื ื—ืจืฆื”, ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืœื›ืกืืš ื•ื”ื™ื™ ืฉื. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื™ืฆืื” ืžืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื”.

ืคื™',ย ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชืย ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืž' ื ื•ืฉืืช ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืขื ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื” ืขืœืžื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื "ืœ, ื’ืจื ื–ื” ืœื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ื›'ย ืžืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”ย ื•ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขืช ื•ืืžืจื”ย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื“ืื ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš. ื•ืื–ย ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืจ' ืืœืฃ ืขืœืžื™ืŸย ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืžื—ื•"ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื—"ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืื”.ย ื•ืื–ื“ืขื–ืข ื›ื•ืจืกื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœื”ื• ืขืœืžื™ืŸย ืฉืžืฉื ื•ืœืžื˜ื”ย ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืœืžื ืคืœ.
ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื›ื™ ืืœื• ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื• ืขืœืžื, ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืขืœื™ืช ืž"ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืงื‘"ื” ืž"ื“ ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืช, ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื•ืžืช ืž"ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืื•ืช.

 

ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื•ืื•ืช ืžื›"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื“ื–ื•"ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืž"ื“ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืœืฉืขืชื•, ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืž"ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื•ืื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉืงื•ืžืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื ื” ืื– ื ืฉืžืขื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ืื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื ื’ืœืชื” ืื™ ื™ื›ืœืชื” ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื‘ืžื“ืชื”, ื‘ืกื•ื“, ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืืœื”ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื ืกืชืœืงื” ืœื” ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื•ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื”. ืฉื–"ืก ื”ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื ื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›"ื‘ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ื ืชื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื” ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื•, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืจืจื• ืžืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืคืฆืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ, ืžื™ ืžื”ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื”. ื•ื–"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœย ื•ืชืจื™ืŸ ืืœืคื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื‘ืจื ืขืœืžื ื”ื•ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ื”ื•.

ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืž'ย ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื’ืจืžื” ืœื›'ย ืœื™ืจื“ ืžืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื›ื™ ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืกื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช: ื) ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ืกื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืฉืš ืกืชืจื•ย โ€‹(ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™"ื—), ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื ืง' ื›ืกื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™. ื‘) ื”ื™ื ืžื’ืœื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ื‘ืกื•"ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื›ืกื ื“ืžื•ืช ื›ืžืจืื” ืื“ืย โ€‹(ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื') ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื’' ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชย ืžืœ"ืšย ืฉืื– ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืกื ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ืžื›ืกื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืฉืš ืกืชืจื•, ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืชย ืš'ย ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉื”"ืก ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื–"ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื›ื "ืœ, ื’ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื˜ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืœืš ื›ื "ืœ.

ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืž'ย ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืœื‘ื•ืฉย ืš', ื”ื ื” ืื– ื™ืจื“ื” ื’"ื› ื”ื›'ย ืžืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”ย ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื ื“ืื ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืšย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืชืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืž'. ื•ื–"ืฉย ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชืย ื•ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื›'ย ืขืืœืช ื•ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” ื ื™ื—ื ื•ื›ื•', ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ืžืขืฆืžื”, ืืœื ืขื ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืž', ื›ื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืž'ย ืœืฉืขืชื”, ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ื›'ย ืžืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขืช ื•ืืžืจื” ื ื™ื—ืย ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืกื ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื•ืจ' ืืœืฃ ืขืœืžื™ืŸย ืฉื”ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืžื—ื•"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื›ืŸย ื•ื›ืœื”ื• ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืœืžื ืคืœ. ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืขื“ ืกื•ืคืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืข"ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืชืจ ืœืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›' ื”"ืก ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ. ื•ื’' ื‘ื—ื™' ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืกื. ื) ื ืง'ย ืฉืฉ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื›ืกื, ืฉื”ืŸ ื•ื”"ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ื—ื’"ืช ื ื”"ื™. ื‘) ื”ืŸย ื“' ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ืกื, ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ื—ื‘"ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ. ื’) ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื•, ืฉื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.

ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ืขืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ื›'ย ืžื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื ืคืกืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืขื ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื›ื™ ื”ื›' ื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื—ื‘"ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ืžืฉืคืขืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื ืง' ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›'ย ื™ืจื“ื” ืžืฉื, ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืขื” ื”ื›', ื›ื™ ื ืคืกืง ื›ื—ื” ืžืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืขื•ย ืžืืชืŸ ืืœืฃ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ื—ื•"ื‘, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื›ื—ื‘"ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืชย ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืœืžื ืคืœ. ื›ื™ ืื‘ื“ื” ืžื”ื ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื•ืชื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื“"ื– ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ืขื ื”ื–ื•"ืŸ ื“ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื–"ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื›'ย ื•ื ืžืฆืื” ื”ื›'ย ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื–"ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื–"ื, ื•ื”ื–"ื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืกื ืœื‘ื™ื ื”.

 

ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ืคืกืง ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืขื ื”ื–"ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื›'ย ื”"ืก ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื–"ื ื•ืžืฉืคืขืช ืœื• ื›ืœ ืื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืคืกืงื” ื™ื›ืœืชื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืืœ ื”ื–"ื, ื•ื›ืŸย ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืžืืชืŸ ืืœืฃ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื–"ื ื”ื ืง' ื—ื•"ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืง' ื›ื—ื‘"ื“, ืฉื”ื ื“' ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ืกื ื›ื "ืœ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคืข ืฉืœื”ื ื ืคืกืง ื•ื›ืŸย ื›ืœื”ื• ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืœืžื ืคืœ, ืฉื”ื ื•ื”"ืง ื“ื–"ื, ื—ื’"ืช ื ื”"ื™, ืฉื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืฉืžืชื—ืชื™ื•, ื›ื™ ื ืื‘ื“ ืžื”ื ื›ืœ ืฉืคืข ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืจื•ืงื ื• ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื ื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™"ืข ื“ืคื™ืจื•ื“ื ื•ืœื”ื—ืจื‘.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื”ย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื›ืœื” ื•ื ื—ืจืฆื” ืืฉืชืžืข, ืชื•ื‘ ืœื›ืจืกื™ื™ืšย : ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉืžืกื‘ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ื›'ย ืžืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ย ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื•ย ื’ื”"ืจ ื“ื–"ื ื•ื›ืœื”ื• ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ื—ืจื‘ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืฉืžืขย ื›ืœื” ื•ื ื—ืจืฆื”, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืจื•ืฅ ืœื‘ืœื™ ืชืงื•ืžื” ืขื•ื“. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืช ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื›ืกื ื›ื "ืœ.
ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ื ืคืงืช ืžืงืžื™ื”: ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจย ื‘ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชืย ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืจืชื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื›ืกื, ื‘ืื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืž', ื“ืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœืขืœืžื ืœืžื™ืงื ื‘ืœื ืžืœืš, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืขื–ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ื›' ื‘ืขืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื” ืžืขืœ ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื“ื›ืœื”ื• ืขืœืžื ืื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ, ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืœ ื”ืž' ื“ืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœืขืœืžื ืœืžื™ืงื ื‘ืœื ืžืœืš, ื”ื ื” ื‘' ืืœื• ื‘ืื• ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื‘) ืขืืœืช ืืช ื™, ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ืื ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ื“ืฉืžื ืงื“ื™ืฉื, ื•ื™ืื•ืช ืœืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื“ื™ ืœืš ื“ืื ืช ื—ืงื™ืง ื‘ื™, ื•ืื ืช ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™, ื•ื›ืœ ืจืขื•ืชื ื“ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืš, ืกืœื™ืง, ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ื™ืื•ืช ืœืืชืขืงืจื ืžืŸ ืฉืžื™.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื‘)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ื™'ย ื•ื›ื•' : ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ื™'. ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื• : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื™ืคื” ืœืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืžืจ ืœื” : ื“ื™ ืœืš, ืฉืืช ื—ืงื•ืงื” ื‘ื™, ื•ืืช ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ ื‘ืš, ืขืœื™, ืœื ื™ืคื” ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืขืงืจืช ืžืฉืžื™.
ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™'ย ื”ื™ื ืื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”ื•ื™"ื” , ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื—ื™' ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืœื›ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”, ืฉื™ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ืชื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืืžืจ ืœื”, ื“ื™ ืœืš ื“ืื ืช ื—ืงื™ืง ื‘ื™ ื•ืื ืช ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ย ื•ื›ื•' : ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขืช, ืฉืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื ื“ืงื‘"ื” ืขื ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืž"ืŸ, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืž"ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ืขื ื–ื” ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืœื”ย ื“ื™ ืœืšย ื”"ืก ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื”ย ื“ื™ ืœืšย ื•ืืœ ืชืชืคืฉื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืž"ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืงื“ื•ืฉย ืฉื“"ื™. ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™'ย ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืขื“ ื”ืช'ย ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉ'ย (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื›"ื“ ื“"ื” ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš) ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืœื”, ื“ื™ ืœืš ื•ืืœ ืชืชืคืฉื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืกืœื™ืง, ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ื™ืื•ืช ืœืืชืขืงืจื ืžืŸ ืฉืžื™, ื›ื™ ืื ืชืชืคืฉื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ื•ื™"ื”.

ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœย โ€‹ืœื ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ื›ืชื‘ ืื ื™ ื ืงืจื, ื›ื™ ื ื›ืชื‘ ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื™"ื”ย ื•ื ืงืจื ื‘ืื“ื "ื™ย (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื .) ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื™"ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ย โ€‹ืื ื™ย ื”ื•ื™"ื”ย ืœื ืฉื ื™ืชื™ (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’'). ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขื•ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ ืงืœืงื•ืœ ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืงื•ื“ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื‘ืื“ื ื™, ืฉื‘ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื•ื™"ื”, ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—"ื•. ืืœื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืงืจื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ืชื‘, ื‘ืกื•"ื”ย โ€‹ื•ืฉื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื™"ื” ืฉืžื”. (ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ) ื•ื–"ืฉ ืœื” :ย ืกืœื™ืง, ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ื™ืื•ืช ืœืืชืขืงืจื ืžืŸ ืฉืžื™ย ื›ื™ ืื ื™ืืจืข ื‘ืš ืื™ื–ื” ืงืœืงื•ืœ, ืืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื ืขืงืจืช ืžืฉืžื™, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ ื”ื•ื™"ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ ืงืœืงื•ืœ ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ื ืš ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื. ื•ืืžืจื•,ย ื“ืื ืช ื—ืงื™ืง ื‘ื™ ื•ืื ืช ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ ื•ื›ืœ ืจืขื•ืชื ื“ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืš, ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื’' ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™'ย ื“ืฉื ื”ื•ื™"ื”: ื—ืงื™ืง ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื“ื–"ื ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื“ืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ,ย ื•ื›ืœ ืจืขื•ืชื ื“ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืš, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื“ื"ื ื”ื ืง' ื—ื›ืžื” ืกืชื™ืžืื”.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื’) ืขืืœืช ืืช ื˜ ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ืื ืช, ื‘ื™ ืืชืงืจื™ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืจ. ืืžืจ ืœื” : ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื, ื“ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืš ืกืชื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืš ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืš, ื”ื”"ื“, ืžื” ืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ืš ืืฉืจ ืฆืคื ืช ืœื™ืจืืš, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื’ื ื™ื– ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืš, ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœืงื ืœืขืœืžื ื“ื, ื“ืื ื ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื‘ืจื™, ืืœื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื™. ื•ืชื•, ื“ืขืœ ื“ื˜ื•ื‘ืš ื’ื ื™ื– ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืš, ื™ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืชืจืขื™ ื“ื”ื™ื›ืœื. ื”ื”"ื“, ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉืขืจื™ื”. ื•ืชื• ื“ื— ืœืงื‘ืœืš, ื•ื›ื“ ืชืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื, ื”ื ื—ื˜, ื•ืขืœ ื“ื ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ ืœื ืจืฉื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸ, ืžื™ื“ ื ืคืงืช ืžืงืžื™ื”.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ืœื’)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ื˜'ย ื•ื’ื•' : ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ื˜'. ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื• : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ ืืชื” ื ืงืจื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืจ. ืืžืจ ืœื” : ืœื ืื‘ืจื ื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ืš ืกืชื•ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš, ื•ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš. ื–"ืฉ,ย โ€‹ืžื” ืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ืš ืืฉืจ ืฆืคื ืช ืœื™ืจืืš. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื, ืืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืš ื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ืชื•ื›ืš, ื™ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ. ื–"ืฉย โ€‹ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉืขืจื™ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ื™ ื”ื—'ย ื›ื ื’ื“ืš, ื•ื›ืฉืชืชื—ื‘ืจื ื” ื™ื—ื“, ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื”ย ื—"ื˜. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื˜ื. ื•ืข"ื› ืœื ื ืจืฉืžื• ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื. ืžื™ื“ ื™ืฆืื” ืžืœืคื ื™ื•.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื˜'ย ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื•. ื›ื™ ื”ืฆ'ย ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™' ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื–"ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ืขื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ืฆื“ื™ืง. ื›ื "ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜' ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ืœืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ื“ื–"ื. ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–"ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืง'ย ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ืกื•"ื”ย โ€‹ืืžืจื• ืฆื“ื™ืง ื›ื™ย ื˜ื•ื‘. (ื™ืฉืขื™' ื’') ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ืฉืžืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ืข"ื› ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื˜'ย ืฉื™ื‘ืจื ื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื“ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืš ืกืชื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืš ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืšย ื•ื›ื•': ื”"ืก ืž"ืฉ ืจื–"ืœ (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื™ื‘.)ย โ€‹ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื“ื ืฆื•ืคื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื• ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื’ื” ื•ืจืื” ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื ืขืžื“ ื•ื’ื ื–ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื')ย โ€‹ื•ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืœื ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื ืืžืจ ืืžืจื• ืฆื“ื™ืง ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื™ืงืœืงืœื• ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื–ื• ื‘ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืฆื“ืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื“ืื•"ื, ื•ืžืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืฆื“ืง ื“ืื•"ื ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื ื™ื–ื• ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื˜'. ื•ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื˜' ื“ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืš ืกืชื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืš ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืšย ื•ื›ื•'ย ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื’ื ื™ื– ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืš ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœืงื ืœืขืœืžื ื“ื, ื“ืื ื ื‘ืขื™ ืœืžื‘ืจื™, ืืœื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืžื”ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ืš ืจืื•ื™ื” ืืœื ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขืœืžื ื“ืืชื™, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื—ืœืง ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”"ืก ื–ื•"ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืš ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืชื•, ื“ืขืœ ื“ื˜ื•ื‘ืš ื’ื ื™ื– ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืš ื™ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืชืจืขื™ ื“ื”ื™ื›ืœืย : ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืื™ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื ื™ื–ื•, ื›ืŸ ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ื” ืจืง ื“ืจืš ื’ื ื™ื–ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื”, ืฉืžื—ืžืช ื–ื” ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ืœืชื•ืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœื”, ืฉืขื™"ื– ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ืžืžื’ืข ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืœื˜ื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ื”,ย โ€‹ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื ืฉืœื˜ื• ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ, ืืœื ืฉื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ื“ืจืฉืช ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื˜. ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™). ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืื ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืื™ื ืš ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืชื•, ื“ื—' ืœืงื‘ืœืš, ื•ื›ื“ ืชืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื ื”ื ื—"ื˜ย : ื›ื™ย ื—'ย ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื“, ื“ื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื‘ื–"ื, ื•ื”"ืก ื”ืฆื ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื. ื›ื™ ื‘' ืฆื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื–"ื, ื) ืœื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืžื ื™. ื‘) ืœื“ื—ื™ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืžืืœื™, ื”ื ืง'ย ื—', ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืง'ย ื”ื ื›ืœืœืช ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ย (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื›"ื“ ื“"ื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘)ย ืฉืžืžื ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื ื”ื™ืจื• ื“ืงื™ืง ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื–ื” ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื ื›ื— ืœื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืœืฆื“ื ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื“ื, ื‘ืกื•ื“, ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืืœื”ื™ื. ื›ื™ ืืœื• ื‘' ื”ืฆื ื•ืจื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืœื ื›ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืœืฆื ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™, ืฉื™ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืžื ื™, ื•ืื– ื ืขืฉื”ย ื—"ื˜. ื•ื–"ืก ืฉื—"ื˜ย ื‘ื’ื™'ย ื˜ื•"ื‘,ย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื”. ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืย ื˜', ืื– ื‘ื’ื™'ย ื˜ื•"ื‘, ื‘ืกื•"ื” ืืžืจื• ืฆื“ื™ืง ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘. (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื’'). ื•ืื ื—"ื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ืย ื—'ย ืขืœ ื”ื˜'ย ืื– ื‘ื’ื™'ย ื—"ื˜.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื•ืชื• ื“ื—' ืœืงื‘ืœืšย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืœืฆื ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ืย ื—'ย ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœืš ื•ืื–ย ื•ื›ื“ ืชืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื“ื ื”ื ื—"ื˜, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื ื” ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืฉืคืข ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืฉืžืฉื ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื•ืขืœ ื“ื, ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ, ืœื ืจืฉื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืฉื™ืŸ. ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช,ย ื—' ื˜', ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื ืคืจืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื—'ย ื”ื–ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ื— ื”ืœืขื•ืžืช, ืฉื–"ืก, ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื˜ืชื• ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืฆืื” ืžืžื ื• ืฉื•ื ืคืกื•ืœืช ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœย โ€‹(ืคืกื—ื™ื ื ื•.).

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื“) ืขืืœืช ืืช ื– , ืืžืจื” ืœื™ื” : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ื‘ื™ ื ื˜ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืš ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื“ืฉื•. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื, ื“ืื ืช ืื™ืช ื‘ืš ืงืจื‘ื, ื•ื—ืจื‘ื ื“ืฉื ื ื, ื•ืจื•ืžื—ื ื“ืงืจื‘ื, ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื ื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื“ ื ืคืงืช ืžืงืžื™ื”.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ืœื“)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ื–'ย ื•ื›ื•': ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ื–'. ืืžืจื” ืœื•: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ื ื™ืš ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ย โ€‹ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื“ืฉื•. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ืœื ืื‘ืจื ื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืš ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืจื‘ ืฉื ื•ื ื” ื•ืจื•ืžื— ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืฉื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ื›ืœื™ย ื–ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืืช ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื ', ืฉืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ย ื ืคื™ืœื”,ย (ื›ื "ืœ ืื•ืช ื›"ื˜)ย ืžื™ื“ ื™ืฆืื” ืžืœืคื ื™ื•.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–'ย ื”ื™ืย ื™'ย ืขืœย ื•', ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื‘ืกื•"ื”,ย โ€‹ืืฉืช ื—ื™ืœ ืขื˜ืจืช ื‘ืขืœื”. (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™"ื‘), ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื›ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ืย ื•'. ื•ืื– ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื˜ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•, ืฉื”"ืก ื”ื™'ย ืฉืขืœ ื”ื•'ย ื•ื‘ืขืœื” ืžืชืขื˜ืจ ื‘ื”. ื•ื–"ืก,ย ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงื“ืฉื•ย ืฉืขื™"ื– ืฉืžืขืœื™ื ืืชย ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื, ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืขื˜ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื–"ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœืช ืื– ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื ืงืจืืช ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ืย ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื–': ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื‘ืชืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ืข"ื› ืื ื™ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉื™ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ืชื™ .

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืืžืจ ืœื” ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ย ื•ื›ื•': ืคื™', ื›ื™ ื”ื–'ย ื”ื™ื ื ืฆื— ื“ื–"ื, ื›ื™ย ื–' ื—' ื˜'ย ื”ืŸ ื ื”"ื™ ื“ื–"ื. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื•ืงื‘ื ื ื›ืœืœืช ื‘ื–' ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืฆื—, ืžืฉื’ืช ื›ื— ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื ื”ื–"ื ืœืื•"ื ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ, ื•ืฉื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขื˜ืจื” ืœืจืืฉื•, ื•ื‘ืขืœื” ืžืชืขื˜ืจ ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื "ืœ. ืืžื ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ืจ ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืœืื•"ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ืขืฆืžื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขืžื™ื“ืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื ื”ื–"ื, ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉืชื ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื›ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื”, ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ืื– ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ื‘ื–', ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื“ ืฉืžืžื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ืก"ื, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื‘ืกื•ื“ย ืžืืŸ ื“ื ืฆื— ืœืงืจื‘ื ื™ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืจืชื ื“ืžืœื›ื.

 

ืฉื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืขื ื”ืก"ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื”ย ืœื‘ืช ืžืœืš, ืฉื”ื™ืย ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ื”ืจื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืชื ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื”ืฉื‘ืชืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืข"ื› ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ืขื“ ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืข"ืœ, ืฉืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื.

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืš ืขืœืžื ื“ืื ืช ืื™ืช ื‘ืš ืงืจื‘ื, ื•ื—ืจื‘ื ื“ืฉื ื ื, ื•ืจื•ืžื—ื ื“ืงืจื‘ืย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืชืš ืฉืœืžื”, ืœื”ื™ื•ืชืš ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืš ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืš ืจืง ืข"ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ืก"ื.ย ื•ืงืจื‘ื, ืžื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื”ืก"ื.ย ื•ื—ืจื‘ื ื“ืฉื ื ื, ืžื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ืžื“ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ื‘ื ืฆื— ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ืฉืื– ื”ื™ื ื—ืจื‘ ืฉื ื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืื—ื– ื‘ื”.ย ื•ืจื•ืžื—ื ื“ืงืจื‘ื, ืžื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ื”ื–"ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื ืง' ืจื•ืžื—, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื ื“ืื•ืชย ื•', ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžื— ืœื“ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ืชื• ืืช ื”ืก"ื. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,ย ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื ื•"ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™' ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ืย ื '. ื›ื "ืœ.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื”) ืขืืœืช ืืช ื• ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” :ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ืื ื ืืช ืžืฉืžืš. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื•ืื•, ืื ืช ื•ื”, ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื“ืืชื•ืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉืžื™, ื“ืืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื–ื ื“ืฉืžื™, ื•ื—ืงื™ืงื™ืŸ ื•ื’ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื™, ื•ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื›ื• ืขืœืžื.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ืœื”)ย ืขืืœืช ืื•ืช ื•'ย ื•ื›ื•' : ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ื•'. ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื• : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืช ืžืฉืžืš ื”ื•ื™ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื”:ย ื•ื"ื•, ืืช ื•ื”'ย ื“ื™ ืœื›ืŸ, ืฉืืชืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžื™, ื”ื•ื™ื”, ืฉืืชืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืžื™, ื•ื—ืงื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™, ืœื ืื‘ืจื ื‘ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืืข"ืค ื“ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ืืช ื”ื™'ย ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ื ื“ื—ื™ืช, ืืขืค"ื› ื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•'ย ืฉื”ื™'ย ื ื“ื—ื™ืช ืžื˜ืขื ืงื•ืžืชื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™, ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื•'ย ืฉื™ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ืชื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ืžืชย ื•"ื”ย ืฉื‘ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืืžื.
ืืžืจ ืœื”: ื•ืื•, ืื ืช ื•ื”', ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ื“ืืชื•ืŸ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉืžื™ย ื•ื›ื•' : ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™'ย ืœืขื™ืœ, ืข"ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื ืื•ืชื”, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื”ย ื“ื™ย ื•ืืœ ืชืชืคืฉื˜ื• ืจืง ืœื‘ื—ื™' ื”ืฉ', ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืื—ื–ื ื” ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืข"ื› ืื™ื ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื›ื• ืขืœืžื. ื›ื™ ื’ื ืืชืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืžื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื•) ืขืืœืช ืืช ื“ ื•ืืช ื’ , ืืžืจื• ืื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื™, ืืžืจ ืื•ืฃ ืœื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื“ื ืขื ื“ื, ื“ื”ื ืžืกื›ื ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื”ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื‘ื•. ื“ืœืช ืื™ื”ื• ืžืกื›ื ื, ื’ื™ืžืœ ื’ืžื•ืœ ืœื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื•, ืœื ืชืชืคืจืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื ืžืŸ ื“ื ื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื ืœื“ื™ืŸ.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ืœื•)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ื“'ย ื•ื›ื•': ื ื›ื ืกื• ืื•ืชย ื“'ย ื•ืื•ืชย ื’'. ืืžืจื• ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ื›ืš. ืืžืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืขื ื–ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื™ื—ื“ืœื• ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื”ื ื—ืกื“. ื”ื“'ย ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื ืงืจืืช ื“ืœืช ืžืœืฉื•ืŸย ื“ืœื•ืช. ื”ื’',ย ื’ื•ืžืœืช ืœื” ื—ืกื“, ืœื“ืœืช. ื•ืข"ื› ืืœ ืชืชืคืจื“ื ื” ื–ื• ืžื–ื•. ื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื•.
ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื“'ย ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื‘ืืจื”ย (ืœืขื™ืœ ืื•ืช ื›"ื“ ื“"ื” ื•ื–ื” ืข"ืฉ). ื•ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื ืฉืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื“'ย ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืฉืคืข ืžื”ื’', ื•ื”ื–ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ืฉืขืœ ื’ื’ื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ืž"ืž ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืœืก"ื ืœื”ืื—ื– ื‘ื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ื‘ื” ืื•ืชย ืจื™"ืฉ, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืขืฉืชื”ย ืจื™ืฉ ื•ืžืกื›ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.

 

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื“ื ืขื ื“ืย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืชืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื ื”ย ืœืžื”ื•ื™ ื“ื ืขื ื“ืย ื•ื”ื’'ย ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืœื“', ื“ื”ื ืžืกื›ื ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ืขืœืžืย ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ื‘ืœืขื•ืžืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื”ื ืง' ืขื•ืœื, ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจื™ืฉ ื•ืžืกื›ื ื•ืชืย ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื”ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื‘ื•, ืฉืื– ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืชืชื, ืœื™ืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืžืกื›ื ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“' ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื’'. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš,ย ื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื ืœื“ื, ื›ื™ ื“ื™ ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืœืขืฆืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื’ื ืœืžื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื• ืœื–ื•, ื•ืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื˜ื ื” ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืข"ื› ืœื ืื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื›ื• ืขืœืžื.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื–) ืขืืœืช ืืช ื‘ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ื” : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ื‘ื™ ืžื‘ืจื›ืืŸ ืœืš ืœืขื™ืœื ื•ืชืชื. ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื” : ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืš ืื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื, ื•ืืช ืชื”ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ืœื–)ย ืขืืœืช ืืช ื‘'ย ื•ื›ื•' : ื ื›ื ืกื” ืื•ืชย ื‘'. ืืžืจื” ืœื•: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”. ื›ื™ ื‘' ื”ื™ืย ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืš ืื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืืช ืชื”ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืœื‘ืจื•ื ื‘ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื”ืื•ืชย ื‘'ย ื”"ืก ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืกื“ ื“ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื‘ืกื•"ื”ย โ€‹ื•ื”ืจื™ืงื•ืชื™ ืœื›ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื’ื•' (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’').

 

ื•ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืžืขื˜ ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืฉืชืœืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื"ืก ื‘"ื”, ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ืฉื‘ื—ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืขืฉื™ื”, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืขื‘ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจื›ื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื˜ืขื ื” ืื•ืชย ื‘' : ื ื™ื—ื ืงืžืš, ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ ืขืœืžื, ื“ื‘ื™ ืžื‘ืจื›ืืŸ ืœืš ืœืขื™ืœื ื•ืชืชื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ื” ืœืขื™ืœื ื•ืœืชืชื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืจืฉ, ื•ืฉื•ื ืžืกืš ื•ืขื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื”ืืจื•ืชื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื“ืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช. ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื ืื—ื–ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ, ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ื ืื—ื™ื–ื”.

ื"ืœ ืงื‘"ื” : ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืš ืื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื, ื•ืืช ืชื”ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื: ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืžื” ืฉืžื“ืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”"ืก ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื›ื™ย โ€‹ืืžืจืชื™ ืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ ื™ื‘ื ื” (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืค"ื˜). ื•ืžืœืชย ื™ื‘ื ื”ย ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืข ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืจื™ื ืžืื—ืจื™ ื”' ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืืœ ืื—ืจ. ื‘ืกื•"ื”ย โ€‹ื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื ื ื‘ื–ืืช ืืžืจ ื”' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช, ืื ืœื ืืคืชื— ืœื›ื ืืช ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื™ืงื•ืชื™ ืœื›ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขื“ ื‘ืœื™ ื“ื™ (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’'), ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืืœ ืื—ืจ, ื”ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ื™ ืืœ ืื—ืจ ืืกืชืจืก ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืคื™ืจื™. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืžืกื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืฉื‘ืชื ื•ืจืื™ืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœืจืฉืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืœื ืขื‘ื“ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ ื™ื‘ื ื”.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ืœืžื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื: ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ืœื”ืชื—ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ื“ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•"ืง ื‘ื—ืกืจ ืจืืฉ, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืœืคืจื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื“ื” ืœืฉื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืžื˜ืจื ืฉื™ืฉื™ื’ ื’"ืจ ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ืจืืฉ. ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉืœืžื”. ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื‘'ย ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”ย ืœืžื‘ืจื™ย ื‘ื”ย ืขืœืžืย ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืชย ืขื™ืงืจย ื›ืœ ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื’ื”"ืจ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ืœืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ืœื“ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ, ืืœื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•"ืง ืœื ืชื—ืกืจ ืœืขื•ืœื.

 

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื—) ืงื™ื™ืžื ืืช ื ืœื ืขืืœืช. ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื” : ืืœืฃ, ืืœืฃ, ืœืžื” ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ืขืืœืช ืงืžืื™ ื›ืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ. ืืžืจื” ืงืžื™ื” : ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœืžื, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ืžื™ื ื ื›ืœ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื ืคืงื• ืžืŸ ืงืžืš ื‘ืœื ืชื•ืขืœืชื, ืžื” ืื ื ืืขื‘ื™ื“ ืชืžืŸ. ื•ืชื•, ื“ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื‘ืชื ืœืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื ืจื‘ืจื‘ื ื“ื, ื•ืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœืžืœื›ื ืขืœืื”, ืœืืขื‘ืจื ื ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื ื“ื™ื”ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื•ืœืžื™ื”ื‘ ืœืื—ืจื. ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื”: ืืœืฃ ืืœืฃ, ืืข"ื’ ื“ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื” ืื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื, ืืช ืชื”ื ืจื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ, ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื ืืœื ื‘ืš. ื‘ืš ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื“ืขืœืžื, ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื, ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืืœื ื‘ืืช ืืœืฃ.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ืœื—)ย ืงื™ื™ืžื ืืช ื' ื•ื›ื•'ย : ืขืžื“ื” ืื•ืชย ื'ย ื•ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื”. ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” :ย ืืœืฃ ืืœืฃ, ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆืื• ืžืœืคื ื™ืš ื‘ืœื™ ืชื•ืขืœืช, ืžื” ืืขืฉื” ืฉื ืื ื™. ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชืช ืœืื•ืชย ื‘'ย ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืœืš ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ื•, ื•ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืื—ืจ. ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”,ย ืืœืฃ ืืœืฃ, ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ืื•ืชย ื‘', ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืช ืชื”ื™ ืจืืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืš, ื‘ืš ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ืื•ืชย ื'.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืกื•ื“ ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืž"ื“, ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื‘ืื•ืชย ื', ืœื ืชืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื” ืืชืขื“ืœ"ืช ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ื›ื— ืืชืขื“ืœ"ืข ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืž"ืฉ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืื•ืช ืค"ื), ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ย ย โ€‹ื ืคืœื” ืœื ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

 

ื“ืœื ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงื•ื ืžืขืฆืžื” ืืœื ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื•ืงื™ื ืœื”.ย ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืื•"ื, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื”ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืœื ืชืชืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืื•ืชย ื'ย ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ืžืชืชื ืœืขื™ืœื, ื›ื“ืจืš ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืชื ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™, ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืขื™ืœื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืฉื–"ืกย ืœื ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงื•ื ืžืขืฆืžื” ืืœื ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื•ืงื™ื ืœื”.

 

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื›ืืŸ,ย ืงื™ื™ืžื ืื•ืช ื' ืœื ืขืืœืช ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื”, ื' ื' ืœืžื” ืœื™ืช ืื ืช ืขืืœืช. ืžื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื'ย ืœื ื ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขื“ย ื“ืืžืจ ืœื” ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉื–"ืก,ย ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื•ืงื™ื ืœื”. ืข"ืฉ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ. ื•ืืžืจื•,ย ื', ื', ืคืขืžื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘"ืค ื”ื "ืœ, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืื– ื’"ื›ย ืงื‘"ื” ืžืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืงื™ื ืœื”.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ืžื™ื ื ื›ืœ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื ืคืงื• ืžืŸ ืงืžืš ื‘ืœื ืชื•ืขืœืชื: ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ื”ืจื”ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื'ย ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืž"ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื”, ื”ื•ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจืืชื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืœื™ ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื›ื™ ื ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ืŸ, ื•ื’ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ืžืช. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื”ย ืžื” ืื ื ืืขื‘ื™ื“ ืชืžืŸย ื›ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืŸ.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื•ืชื• ื“ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื‘ืชื ืœืืช ื‘' ื ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื ืจื‘ืจื‘ื ื“ื ื•ืœื ื™ืื•ืช ืœืžืœื›ื ืขื™ืœืื” ืœืืขื‘ืจืย ื•ื›ื•': ื•ื˜ืขื ื‘' ืฉืœื ื”ืจื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืž"ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืขืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืชย ื‘'ย ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ย ืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ ื™ื‘ื ื”, ื›ื "ืœ, ืข"ื› ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืชื ื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื–ื” ื•ืœื™ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ืื—ืจ.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ื"ืœ ืงื‘"ื” ื' ื' ืืข"ื’ ื“ืืช ื‘' ื‘ื” ืื‘ืจื™ ืขืœืžื ืืช ืชื”ื ืจื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ: ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืืžืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชย ื‘'ย ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ืืžืช ืฉืœื ืืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืชื ืชื” ืœืื—ืจ. ืืžื ื ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืžื“ืชื” ืืœื ื‘ื—ื™' ื•"ืง ื‘ืœื™ ืจืืฉ ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื"ื› ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืจืืฉ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ืฉืจื• ืœืคืจื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื” ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืœื›ืŸย ืืช ืชื”ืย ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœื”ืžืฉื›ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืืชื•ื•ืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ืคื‘"ืค ื•ื”ื•ืœื“ื”.

ื•ื–"ืฉ,ย ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื ืืœื ื‘ืš, ื‘ืš ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื“ืขืœืžื: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื‘ืžื“ืชืš, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืจ, ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืœืย ื‘ืš, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘'ย ืงื‘ืขืชื™ ืจืง ืœืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืจื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžื–ื” ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ื "ืœ, ืืžื ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืš ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืื ื™ืจื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื™ืกืชืœืงื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ ืฉื‘ืš, ื•ืื ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ.

 

ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื‘ืš ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื“ืขืœืžื. ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ืจื” ืื ื™ืงืœืงืœื• ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื, ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ย โ€‹ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื™ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืžื” ื‘ืงืฉื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, (ืงื”ืœืช ื–'). ื›ื™ ืื– ื™ืกืชืœืงื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ.ย ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื“ืขืœืžื, ืžื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืž"ืŸ ืข"ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื– ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ืจ.ย ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืืœื ื‘ืืช ื', ื–ื” ืจื•ืžื– ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’"ื›ย ื‘ืืช ื'.

 

ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ

ืœื˜) ื•ืขื‘ื“ ืงื‘"ื” ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืขืœืื™ืŸ ืจื‘ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืชืชืื™ืŸ ื–ืขื™ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจ"ื. ืืœืฃ ืืœืฃ, ืืœื”ื™ื ืืช. ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืžืœืขื™ืœื ื•ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืžืชืชื, ื•ื›ืœื”ื• ื›ื—ื“ื ื”ื•ื•, ืžืขืœืžื ืขืœืื” ื•ืžืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”.

 

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ืœื˜)ย ื•ืขื‘ื“ ืงื‘"ื” ืืชื•ื•ืŸย ื•ื›ื•': ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื”ืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ย ื‘' ื‘', ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย โ€‹ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชย ื‘ืจื, ื•ื›ืŸย ืืœืฃ ืืœืฃ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•ย ืืœืงื™ืย ืืช ืฉื”ื'ย ื•ื”ื‘'ย ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ืžื‘ื™ื ื”. ื•ื”ื'ย ื•ื”ื‘'ย ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืœืžื˜ื”, ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื›ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,ย ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืจื‘ืŸย ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”,ย ื•ืืชื•ื•ืŸ ืชืชืื™ืŸ ื–ืขื™ืจื™ืŸย ื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•"ืŸ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืฉื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื•ื–"ืก ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™"ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชย ื‘ืจื, ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืืœืคื™"ืŸ ื“ืืœืงื™ืย ืืช: ื›ื™ย ื‘'ย ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื‘'ย ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื–"ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘'ย ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื'ย ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื'ย ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–"ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืืœื™ื•. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจื•ย ื•ื›ืœื”ื• ื›ื—ื“ื ื”ื•ื•, ืžืขืœืžื ืขืœืื” ื•ืžืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”ย ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™"ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืืœืคื™"ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืขืœืžื ืขืœืื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ืื—ืช, ื›ื™ ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•, ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื‘' ื“ืขืœืžื ืขืœืื”ย ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉืช ื‘ื‘' ื“ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื' ื“ืขืœืžื ืขืœืื”ย ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื' ื“ืขืœืžื ืชืชืื”.

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ืกืคืจื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” | ื‘ืขืœ ืกื•ืœื

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ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืœื | ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืช | 5 ื›ืจื›ื™ื

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ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื”: ₪400.00.ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื: ₪370.00.
ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื’ืœื”
ืกื˜ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกื•ืœื

ื”ึทื™ึผึทื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทื›ึผึถืชึถืจ | ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืกื•ืœื | 21 ื›ืจ' | ื’ื“ื•ืœ

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ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื”: ₪900.00.ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื: ₪840.00.
ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื’ืœื”
ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืืจื™ื–"ืœ | ืžืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ื–ืฆ"ืœ

ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืืจ"ื™ | 15 ื›ืจื›ื™ื

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ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื”: ₪600.00.ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื: ₪499.00.
ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื’ืœื”
ืกื˜-ืชืœืžื•ื“-ืขืฉืจ-ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช-ืžื‘ื•ืืจ-ืœืžืจื›ื–-ื”ื”ืคืฆื”-ืกื•ืคื™_optimized

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืฉืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ึทืžึฐื‘ื•ึนืึธืจ | ืกื˜ | 5 ื›ืจื›ื™ื

, ,

ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื”: ₪335.00.ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื: ₪329.00.
ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื’ืœื”

60 ืื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื
ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ!

ืœืชืจื•ืžื”

ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ

ื”ืจืฉืžื” ืœืืชืจ
ืชื›ื ื™ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืžืœืื™ื ื ืคืชื—ื™ื ืจืง ืœื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื (ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื!)
ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืจืฉืžื” ืื•ืชื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
ื”ืจืฉืžื”
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